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The cells were sustained for 14 days in the semi\u2010solid matrix, undergoing a growth phase from days 0\u20136, a BChE production phase in sugar\u2010free medium from days 6\u201312, and a growth\/recovery phase from days 12\u201314. Throughout this period, the cells maintained similar viability to those in suspension cultures and displayed analogous sugar consumption trends. The rice cells in the hydrogel also produced a significant amount of active BChE, comparable to the levels produced in liquid cultures. A considerable fraction of this BChE was secreted into the media, allowing for easier product separation. To the best of our knowledge, this proof\u2010of\u2010concept is the first report of immobilization of recombinant plant cells for continuous production of high\u2010value heterologous proteins. This work serves as a foundation for further investigation towards plant cell bioprinting and the development of a simple, efficient, robust, modular, and potentially field\u2010deployable bioreactor system for the manufacture of biologics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.202100133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T09:26:04Z","timestamp":1628069164000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Immobilization of transgenic plant cells towards bioprinting for production of a recombinant biodefense agent"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Anika","family":"Varma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering University of California  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hawi B.","family":"Gemeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory  Livermore California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"McNulty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering University of California  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5145-9968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen A.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering University of California  Davis California USA"},{"name":"Global HealthShare Initiative University of California  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somen","family":"Nandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering University of California  Davis California USA"},{"name":"Global HealthShare Initiative University of California  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9544-0444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Knipe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory  Livermore California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-018-9279-8"},{"issue":"2016","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"Putting the spotlight back on plant suspension cultures","volume":"7","author":"Santos R. 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