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The disease is relatively rare but aggressive, accounting for \u223c3% of childhood cancers. Treatment modalities encompass the administration of large doses of chemotherapeutic drugs, which result in multiple side\u2010effects. Therefore, it is essential to have safe and effective newer therapies and suitable physiologically relevant, alternative\u2010to\u2010animal, in vitro cell culture\u2010based models to enable rapid and efficient evaluation of potential therapies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>This investigation was focused on the development of a triple co\u2010culture model comprising Rb, retinal epithelium, and choroid endothelial cells, using a protein coating cocktail, to recapitulate this ocular cancer under in vitro conditions. This resulting model was used for screening drug toxicity, based on the growth profile of Rb cells, using carboplatin as the model drug. Further, a combination of bevacizumab and carboplatin was evaluated using the developed model, to lower the concentration of carboplatin and thereby reduce its physiological side\u2010effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Major Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effect of drug treatment on the triple co\u2010culture was assessed by increase in the apoptotic profile of Rb cells. Further, the barrier properties were found to be lower with a decrease in the angiogenetic signals that included expression of vimentin. Measurement of cytokine levels signified reduced inflammatory signals due to the combinatorial drug treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings validated that the triple co\u2010culture Rb model was suitable for evaluating anti\u2010Rb therapeutics and could thereby decrease the immense load on animal trials, which are the primary screens employed for evaluating retinal therapies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.202200518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T18:58:37Z","timestamp":1676660317000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["In vitro triple culture model of retinoblastoma for pre\u2010clinical investigations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Devashree","family":"Jahagirdar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Institute of Chemical Technology Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga  Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ratnesh","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Institute of Chemical Technology Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga  Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prajakta","family":"Dandekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Institute of Chemical Technology Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga  Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478\u2010019\u20100785\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010021\u201024781\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IIO.0b013e3182010f29"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_721_20"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for retinoblastoma","volume":"4","author":"Shahsavari M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/tjo.06888"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2020.5085"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.126.7.953"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10351"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"1361","article-title":"A novel in vitro three\u2010dimensional retinoblastoma model for evaluating chemotherapeutic drugs","volume":"18","author":"Mitra M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecular Vision"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2014.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2010.0048"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"943","article-title":"Co\u2010cultivation of retinoblastoma with fibroblasts, iris pigment epithelium, and retinal pigment epithelium in tissue culture","volume":"24","author":"Weiner M. 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