{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T01:24:31Z","timestamp":1774661071729,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003086","name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IT1479-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IT1479-22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biotechnology Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Magnetosomes are magnetite nanoparticles biosynthesized by magnetotactic bacteria. Given their potential clinical applications for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, it is essential to understand what becomes of them once they are within the body. With this aim, here we have followed the intracellular long\u2010term fate of magnetosomes in two cell types: cancer cells (A549 cell line), because they are the actual target for the therapeutic activity of the magnetosomes, and macrophages (RAW 264.7 cell line), because of their role at capturing foreign agents. It is shown that cells dispose of magnetosomes using three mechanisms: splitting them into daughter cells, excreting them to the surrounding environment, and degrading them yielding less or non\u2010magnetic iron products. A deeper insight into the degradation mechanisms by means of time\u2010resolved X\u2010ray absorption near\u2010edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy has allowed us to follow the intracellular biotransformation of magnetosomes by identifying and quantifying the iron species occurring during the process. In both cell types there is a first oxidation of magnetite to maghemite and then, earlier in macrophages than in cancer cells, ferrihydrite starts to appear. Given that ferrihydrite is the iron mineral phase stored in the cores of ferritin proteins, this suggests that cells use the iron released from the degradation of magnetosomes to load ferritin. Comparison of both cellular types evidences that macrophages are more efficient at disposing of magnetosomes than cancer cells, attributed to their role in degrading external debris and in iron homeostasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.202300173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T04:59:13Z","timestamp":1687237153000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Intracellular transformation and disposal mechanisms of magnetosomes in macrophages and cancer cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Gandarias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dpto. Inmunolog\u00eda Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco \u2013 UPV\/EHU  Leioa Spain"},{"name":"Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix\u2010Marseille (BIAM), UMR7265 Aix\u2010Marseille Universit\u00e9, CNRS, CEA Cadarache  Saint\u2010Paul\u2010lez\u2010Durance France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicia G.","family":"Gubieda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dpto. Inmunolog\u00eda Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco \u2013 UPV\/EHU  Leioa Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Gorni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BL22\u2010CL\u00c6SS Beamline ALBA Synchrotron  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Optics (IO\u2010CSIC)  c\/ Serrano 121 Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Mathon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BM23 Beamline ESRF  Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Olivi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"XAFS Beamline Elettra Sincrotrone  Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Abad\u2010D\u00edaz\u2010de\u2010Cerio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dpto. Inmunolog\u00eda Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco \u2013 UPV\/EHU  Leioa Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Luisa","family":"Fdez\u2010Gubieda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dpto. Electricidad y Electr\u00f3nica Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco \u2013 UPV\/EHU  Leioa Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Muela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dpto. Inmunolog\u00eda Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco \u2013 UPV\/EHU  Leioa Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dpto. F\u00edsica Aplicada Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco \u2013 UPV\/EHU  Bilbao Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.42564"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201700306"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cs15337h"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/42\/22\/224001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/42\/22\/224002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro842"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr078258w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-30141-4_74"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bb.13.060184.000505"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.6b07321"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2018.04.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2016.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma6093755"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.22011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201400756"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11051235"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.1c05042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NR01530E"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01747-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtnano.2020.100084"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NA00098K"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CS00699F"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2013.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.02.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59898-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn3059983"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0909049505012719"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0909049500016964"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es300433x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b08061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527691395.ch17"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2008.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2022.121365"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1816792116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2017.05.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-011-4215-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ic400484n"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10715769800300121"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527691395.ch7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2010.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(01)00063-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5NR04446D"}],"container-title":["Biotechnology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/biot.202300173","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T12:27:54Z","timestamp":1759926474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/biot.202300173"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/biot.202300173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/biot.202300173","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1860-6768","1860-7314"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1860-6768","type":"print"},{"value":"1860-7314","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]},"article-number":"2300173"}}