{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:32:06Z","timestamp":1786977126444,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20210465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20210465"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32171475"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32171475"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biotechnology Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Rare sugars are valuable and unique monosaccharides extensively utilized in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Considering the high purification costs and the complex processes of enzymatic synthesis, whole\u2010cell conversion has emerged as a significantly important alternative. The\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain was initially used in whole\u2010cell synthesis of rare sugars. However, its pathogenic nature poses limitations to its widespread applications. Consequently, there is an urgent need to explore biologically safe strains for the efficient production of rare sugars.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, the generally regarded as safe (GRAS) strain\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      was employed as the chassis cells to produce rare sugars via whole\u2010cell conversion. Three genes encoding alditol oxidase (AldO), L\u2010rhamnulose\u20101\u2010phosphate aldolase (RhaD), and fructose\u20101\u2010phosphatase (YqaB) involved in rare sugars biosynthesis were heterogeneously expressed in\n                      <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      to convert the only substrate glycerol into rare sugars. To enhance the expression levels of the relevant enzymes in\n                      <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , different promoters for\n                      <jats:italic>aldO<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>rhaD<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>yqaB<\/jats:italic>\n                      were investigated and optimized in this system. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the maximum total production titer was 16.96\u00a0g\/L of D\u2010allulose and D\u2010sorbose with a conversion yield of 33.9% from glycerol. Furthermore, the engineered strain produced 26.68\u00a0g\/L of D\u2010allulose and D\u2010sorbose through fed\u2010batch for the whole\u2010cell conversion, representing the highest titer from glycerol reported to date.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrated an efficient and cost\u2010effective method for the\u00a0synthesis of rare sugars, providing a food\u2010grade platform with the potential to meet the growing demand for rare sugars in industries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.202400539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T23:29:51Z","timestamp":1735255791000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Multienzyme Cascade Synthesis of Rare Sugars From Glycerol in\n                    <i>Bacillus subtilis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Kangqing","family":"Fei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education Jiangnan University  Wuxi Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqun","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education Jiangnan University  Wuxi Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010Dong","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Nakanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education Jiangnan University  Wuxi Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5618-1862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zijie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education Jiangnan University  Wuxi Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10242422.2017.1306738"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2017.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2020.1743966"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Research Progress on Physiological Activity and Biosynthesis of D\u2010Tagatose","volume":"41","author":"Li Z.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Food Science and Technology China"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.202400280"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2017.1341385"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Recent Advances Regarding the Physiological Functions and Biosynthesis of D\u2010Allulose","volume":"13","author":"Chen Z.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.2023091"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"76","article-title":"Efficient Synthesis of D\u2010Allulose by Bacillus Subtilis Whole Cell Transformation","volume":"41","author":"Hu Y.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Food Science and Technology China"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000531"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.9b04696"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-1723(04)70173-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adsc.201500190"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184183"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-3773(20000417)39:8<1352::AID-ANIE1352>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-006-0422-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00792-013-0593-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2017.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.51.1.285"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.9b06748"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.25345"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6b03423"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jo030021m"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adsc.200700115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07328303.2015.1068794"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2020.115464"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12163078"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-021-01663-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-023-02032-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2859-11-66"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.202200582"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/sb400091p"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0290(20010305)72:5<573::AID-BIT1022>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.202400178"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-016-0599-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-017-8142-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18405"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-019-1159-0"}],"container-title":["Biotechnology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/biot.202400539","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T20:22:24Z","timestamp":1759954944000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/biot.202400539"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/biot.202400539"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/biot.202400539","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1860-6768","1860-7314"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1860-6768","type":"print"},{"value":"1860-7314","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"article-number":"e202400539"}}