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Traditional treatments often result in significant trauma and unpredictable outcomes. Recent advances in bone\/cartilage tissue engineering, particularly in scaffold materials and fabrication technologies, offer promising solutions for osteochondral regeneration. This review highlights the selection and design of scaffolds using natural and synthetic materials such as collagen, chitosan (Cs), and polylactic acid (PLA), alongside inorganic components like bioactive glass and nano\u2010hydroxyapatite (nHAp). Key fabrication techniques\u2014freeze\u2010drying, electrospinning, and 3D printing\u2014have improved scaffold porosity and mechanical properties. Special focus is placed on the design of multiphasic scaffolds that mimic natural tissue structures, promoting cell adhesion and differentiation and supporting the regeneration of cartilage and subchondral bone. 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