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However, its efficacy against Gram\u2010negative bacteria is limited due to its inability to penetrate their outer membrane and reach its target, lipid II, in the inner membrane. Agents that alter the outer membrane's permeability can overcome this limitation, enabling nisin to access the periplasm and expand its antimicrobial spectrum. In this study, we aimed to extend nisin's spectrum of action towards Gram\u2010negative bacteria by fusing it with salmochelin, a siderophore produced by <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>. Siderophores capture extracellular iron and enter cells through specific receptors. The nisin\u2010salmochelin conjugate was synthesized through an external chemical reaction, yielding a compound with activity against Gram\u2010positive and Gram\u2010negative bacteria. Among the Gram\u2010negative bacteria, notable strains include <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic> Newport<jats:italic>, S. enterica<\/jats:italic> Typhimurium, <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> O157, <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> EC3 (uropathogenic isolate), and <jats:italic>Providencia rettgeri<\/jats:italic>. This novel conjugate exhibits broad\u2010spectrum activity against foodborne pathogens, significantly enhancing nisin's potential as a food biopreservative and expanding its clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.70019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:39:07Z","timestamp":1749515947000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Expanding the Spectrum: Modified Bacteriocin Nisin as a Trojan Horse Against Gram\u2010Negative <i>Salmonella<\/i> Typhimurium and <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4624-5862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Lanza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas (INSIBIO, CONICET\u2010UNT) e Instituto de Qu\u00edmica Biol\u00f3gica \u201cDr. Bernab\u00e9 Bloj\u201d, Facultad de Bioqu\u00edmica, Qu\u00edmica y Farmacia Universidad 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