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These components work together to maintain human movement and mechanical stability, serving as the critical foundation for sustaining life activities. In recent years, with the acceleration of population aging, the incidence of musculoskeletal\u2010related diseases such as sarcopenia, muscle atrophy, osteoporosis (OP), osteoarthritis (OA), and tendon injuries has continued to rise, significantly impacting patients\u2019 quality of life and imposing a heavy social health burden. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered widespread attention in tissue repair and regenerative medicine due to their excellent self\u2010renewal capacity, multipotent differentiation potential, and low immunogenicity. Numerous studies have shown that the therapeutic effects of MSCs primarily depend on their paracrine actions, particularly the extracellular vesicles (EVs) they secrete, which play a crucial role in regulating tissue homeostasis and repairing damage. 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