{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T15:09:38Z","timestamp":1790953778568,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biotechnology Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Immunocastration, a nonsurgical strategy based on active immunization against gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone (GnRH), effectively suppresses steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. However, peptide vaccines targeting poorly immunogenic antigens such as GnRH often fail to elicit robust adaptive immune responses, requiring adjuvants or carrier proteins. Previously, we introduced Coated Bacterial Vaccines (CBVs), a platform that uses chemically inactivated Gram\u2010positive bacteria to display recombinant antigens fused to the SlpA carboxy\u2010terminal domain (dSLPA) on their surface. This system leverages natural pathogen\u2010associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to enhance immunogenicity without additional adjuvants. In this work, we extended the application of the CBVs platform to enhance the immune response against a poorly immunogenic GnRH\u2010based peptide vaccine. GnRH\u2010CBVs were formulated using inactivated\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    var.\n                    <jats:italic>natto<\/jats:italic>\n                    coated with a recombinant GnRH tandem\u2010repeat\u2010dSLPA fusion protein and administered to male BALB\/c mice. A chitosan\u2010adjuvanted GnRH\u2010dSLPA formulation served as a positive control. Immunization with GnRH\u2010CBVs could favor a strong Th2\u2010biased humoral response, characterized by predominant IgG1 levels comparable to those achieved with chitosan. The resulting antibodies effectively neutralized endogenous GnRH, reducing steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis and inducing marked testicular histological alterations. These findings support CBVs as a promising strategy to enhance peptide vaccine immunogenicity for veterinary immunocastration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.70263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T11:34:31Z","timestamp":1781696071000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Coated Bacterial Vaccine Platform Overcomes Weak Antigen Immunogenicity: A Functional Approach to GnRH\u2010Based Immunocastration"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"In\u00e9s","family":"Harguindeguy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales\u2010CINDEFI (CONICET\u2010UNLP)  La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mat\u00edas H.","family":"Assandri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u00e1tedra de Microbiolog\u00eda Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)  La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche (UNAJ)  Florencio Varela Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Antonieta","family":"Daza Millone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoqu\u00edmicas Te\u00f3ricas y Aplicadas\u2010INIFTA (CONICET\u2010UNLP)  La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n F.","family":"Cavalitto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales\u2010CINDEFI (CONICET\u2010UNLP)  La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda de los A.","family":"Serradell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u00e1tedra de 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