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Its engineering potential has expanded rapidly in live biotherapeutics, functional foods, biosensors, and animal health. However, its broader application is still limited by the lack of standardized genetic parts, versatile engineering tools, and industrially compatible chassis. This review summarizes recent advances in the synthetic biology toolbox of\n                    <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , including expression elements, genome engineering strategies, and representative applications. Particular emphasis is placed on the development of genetic components, conventional and CRISPR\u2010based engineering technologies, and their applications in medicine, food biotechnology, biosensing, and animal nutrition. Current challenges and future opportunities, including standardized genetic parts, precision genome engineering, AI\u2010assisted strain design, and high\u2010performance chassis development, are also discussed. 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