{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T13:48:26Z","timestamp":1765806506148},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,10]],"date-time":"2006-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1139529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biopolymers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anticoagulation factor II (ACF II) isolated from the venom of <jats:italic>Agkistrodon acutus<\/jats:italic> is an activated coagulation factor X\u2010binding protein in a Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010dependent fashion with marked anticoagulant activity. The equilibrium unfolding of rare earth ions (RE<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>)\u2010reconstituted ACF II in guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) solution was studied by fluorescence. The GdnHCl\u2010induced unfolding of RE<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup> (Nd<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>, Sm<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>, Eu<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>, Gd<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>)\u2010reconstituted ACF II follows a three\u2010state transition with a stable intermediate state. Substitutions of the RE<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup> ions for Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> in ACF II decrease the conformational stability of its native state but markedly increase the conformational stability of its intermediate state. The free energy change of RE<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\u2013ACF II from the intermediate state to denatured state linearly increases with the increase of ionic potentials of bound metal ions (Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, Nd<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>, Sm<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>, Eu<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>, and Gd<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>). The refolding of ACF II from the unfolded state to the intermediate state can be induced merely by adding 10 \u03bcM RE<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup> ions without changing the concentration of the denaturant. The kinetic results of the RE<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\u2010induced refolding provide evidence indicating that the intermediate state of RE<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\u2013ACF II consists of at least two refolding phases and that the refolding rate constant values of the faster phase decrease with the increase of the difference between the radii of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> and RE<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>, but the refolding rate constant values of the slower phase are similar to each other. The results of this study indicate that the size of metal ion is the major factor responsible for the metal ion\u2010induced conformational stabilization of the native ACF II, while the metal ionic potential plays a predominant role in stabilizing the conformation for the intermediate state. \u00a9 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 82: 167\u2013175, 2006<\/jats:p><jats:p>This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The \u201cPublished Online\u201d date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.20476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,10]],"date-time":"2006-02-10T18:46:48Z","timestamp":1139597208000},"page":"167-175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of rare earth ions on the conformational stability of anticoagulation factor II from <i>Agkistrodon acutus<\/i> venom probed by fluorescent spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Xiao\u2010Long","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie\u2010Xia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010Yun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang\u2010Hu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Qi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing\u2010Liang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi015819j"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(00)00084-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00088-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00031a028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi9525029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/118.5.965"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","first-page":"1807","volume":"22","author":"Xu X. 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