{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T05:45:38Z","timestamp":1768110338869,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biopolymers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Periodontitis is a bacterial infectious disease. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers high selectivity, drug\u2010resistance\u2010free treatment, and immune regulation. The second\u2010generation porphyrin photosensitizer Ce6 excels in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, periodontitis pathogens' negative charge limits Ce6's interaction with them. This study prepared a modified cationic cyclodextrin (sPAM) and encapsulated Ce6 in an aqueous medium to create a nano\u2010photodynamic system (Ce6@sPAM), which was characterized. In\u00a0vitro evaluations assessed Ce6@sPAM's photodynamic performance, safety, antibacterial properties, and effects on immunoregulation. TEM images revealed Ce6@sPAM's irregular spherical shape, with a size of 236\u2009nm by DLS and a Zeta potential of +16.4\u2009mV. Ce6@sPAM exhibits a notably brief light half\u2010life of merely 13\u2009min, facilitating its swift in\u00a0vivo clearance. SOSG and DCFH\u2010DA fluorescence experiments showed Ce6@sPAM had stronger ROS generation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and better bacterial penetration (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05) than Ce6. Co\u2010incubation with Ce6@sPAM reversed bacterial surface potential from negative to positive. Bio\u2010safety tests confirmed its excellent biocompatibility. In antibacterial tests, sPAM showed antibacterial properties, and Ce6@sPAM had a stronger effect than Ce6 under light (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Ce6@sPAM also exhibited high macrophage killing rates (&gt;\u200990%) without specificity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05) and can induce M1 macrophages to M2 polarization. Ce6\u2010loaded modified cyclodextrin nanoparticles hold great promise for synergistic PDT in periodontitis treatment, especially in early stages for optimal immunomodulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.70030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T14:14:19Z","timestamp":1748614459000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cationic Cyclodextrin Loaded Photosensitizer Ce6 for\u00a0the\u00a0Treatment of Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8801-3769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhe","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Stomatology Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Mou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xuzhou Medical University School of Pharmacy  Xuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yawen","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Stomatology Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Xuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Stomatology Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinxin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7525-015X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zongxiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Stomatology Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou China"},{"name":"The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40496-020-00256-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-068724"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Salivary Microbiome and Biomarker Characteristics of Diabetics With Periodontitis","volume":"40","author":"Ebersole J. 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