{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:20:01Z","timestamp":1790356801713,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biopolymers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Microbial ocular infections, namely bacterial conjunctivitis (BC), are a major concern in the biomedical field. Nisin (NIS) is an amphiphilic natural antimicrobial peptide. It showed antibacterial potential against\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , which is responsible for BC. Despite this, the application of NIS in pharmaceuticals for the treatment of ocular infections is hindered by several limitations that include poor aqueous solubility and stability. The preference for solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) shows the aptitude to enhance solubility, bioavailability, etc., of therapeutically active molecules. Therefore, the present research work intends to prepare a thermoresponsive poloxamer 407 (P\u2010407)\u2010based in\u00a0situ ocular gel of NIS\u2010incorporated SLN using Box Behnken Design (BBD) for improved antibacterial application. Herein, NIS\u2010SLN was formulated with glyceryl monostearate (GMS) and Tween 80 using a HSH\u2010probe sonication method. It resulted in the spherical shape NIS\u2010SLN with the particle size (PS) of 158.8\u2009\u00b1\u200913.56\u2009nm, zeta potential (ZP) of \u221222.48\u2009\u00b1\u20091.86\u2009mV, and drug loading (DL) of 12.8%\u2009\u00b1\u20092.84%. The formulated thermo\u2010responsive in\u00a0situ gel (ISG) pH, gelling temperature, and viscosity were found to be 7.45\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02, 36.5\u00b0C\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5\u00b0C, and 465.5\u2009\u00b1\u20096.5 cps, respectively, with drug release of 68.65%\u2009\u00b1\u20095.1% over 24\u2009h. Moreover, it shows improved permeation of 66.43%\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6%, which might be because of the nanoscale dimensions of SLN and Tween 80. The formulation demonstrates good stability for 3\u2009months and improved antimicrobial potential against\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    compared to pure NIS, possibly owing to sustained release and improved penetration of NIS. Moreover, in\u00a0vivo experiments demonstrated no irritation of the gel formulation, confirming biocompatibility with the ocular region. In conclusion, the SLN incorporated thermo\u2010responsive P\u2010407\u2010based in\u00a0situ ocular gel provides the improved potential of NIS. In the future, it will reveal a new horizon for the delivery of NIS and other molecules for ocular disease treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.70052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T11:56:02Z","timestamp":1758714962000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Nisin\u2010Incorporated Solid Lipid Nanoparticles\u2010Based In\u00a0Situ Ocular Gel Using Box\u2013Behnken Design for Enhanced Antibacterial Activity: In\u00a0Vitro\u2010Ex Vivo\u2010In Vivo Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5661-6408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meghanath B.","family":"Shete","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Autonomous)  Ahilyanagar Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaishnavi","family":"Fatangare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quality Assurance and Industrial Pharmacy R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research  Dhule Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6513-3336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sopan","family":"Nangare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics Krishna Institute of Pharmacy, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)  Karad Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pankaj","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmacy  Dhule Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1550-1310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shailesh S.","family":"Chalikwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quality Assurance and Industrial Pharmacy R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research  Dhule Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13081712"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2007.01006.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ovj.v6i3.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-018-0955-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-020-09692-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12122825"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","article-title":"Co\u2010Delivery of Azithromycin and Nisin Through Liposomes for Skin Infection to Reduce Antimicrobial Drug Resistance","volume":"107","author":"Gelen\u2010Gungor D.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Drug Delivery 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