{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T03:55:19Z","timestamp":1785297319451,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biopolymers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The foreign body response (FBR) is a major hurdle in the success of biomedical implants, often leading to persistent inflammation and eventual rejection. Developing biomaterials that can minimize immune reactions while supporting tissue healing is essential. In this study, nanocomposite fibers composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) and gelatin, reinforced with titanium dioxide (TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) nanoparticles, were fabricated using electrospinning. The fibers were evaluated for their morphology, structural properties, and mechanical strength using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE\u2010SEM), X\u2010ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier\u2010transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and a universal testing machine (UTM). In\u00a0vitro cytocompatibility was assessed using the MTT assay on L929 fibroblast cells. For in\u00a0vivo analysis, subcutaneous implantation was carried out in Sprague\u2013Dawley rats, followed by histological examination at weekly intervals for 4\u2009weeks. The fibers displayed good mechanical properties, a uniform surface morphology, and a consistent structure. The in\u00a0vitro results indicated high cell viability with no signs of toxicity. In\u00a0vivo studies revealed reduced macrophage accumulation and enhanced fibroblast activity, indicating a favorable immune response and tissue integration. TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010incorporated PCL\/gelatin nanocomposite fibers demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, minimal immune reaction, and effective tissue response, highlighting their potential as advanced materials for biomedical implant applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.70069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T06:52:01Z","timestamp":1765435921000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<scp>\n                      TiO\n                      <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Nanoparticles\u2014Incorporated\n                    <scp>PCL<\/scp>\n                    \/Gelatin Nanocomposite Fibers for Enhanced Biocompatibility and Reduced Foreign Body Response"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Anju","family":"Rajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Catholicate College  Pathanamthitta Kerala India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0056-559X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raneesh","family":"Balakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Catholicate College  Pathanamthitta Kerala India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Premjith","family":"Pradeep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Catholicate College  Pathanamthitta Kerala India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Catholicate College  Pathanamthitta Kerala 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