{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T20:27:44Z","timestamp":1790972864307,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,21]],"date-time":"2002-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1021939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000125","name":"NIOSH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008102","name":"University of Cincinnati","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 OH03463"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 OH03463"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biotech &amp; Bioengineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, the effects of the electric charges and fields on the viability of airborne microorganisms were investigated. The electric charges of different magnitude and polarity were imparted on airborne microbial cells by a means of induction charging. The airborne microorganisms carrying different electric charge levels were then extracted by an electric mobility analyzer and collected using a microbial sampler. It was found that the viability of <jats:italic>Pseudomonas fluorescens<\/jats:italic> bacteria, used as a model for sensitive bacteria, carrying a net charge from 4100 negative to 30 positive elementary charges ranged between 40% and 60%; the viability of the cells carrying &gt;2700 positive charges was below 1.5%. In contrast, the viability of the stress\u2010resistant spores of <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic> var. <jats:italic>niger<\/jats:italic> (used as simulant of anthrax\u2010causing <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic> spores when testing bioaerosol sensors in various studies), was not affected by the amount of electric charges on the spores. Because bacterial cells depend on their membrane potential for basic metabolic activities, drastic changes occurring in the membrane potential during aerosolization and the local electric fields induced by the imposed charges appeared to affect the sensitive cells' viability. These findings facilitate applications of electric charging for environmental control purposes involving sterilization of bacterial cells by imposing high electric charges on them. The findings from this study can also be used in the development of new bioaerosol sampling methods based on electrostatic principles. \u00a9 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 229\u2013241, 2002.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.10290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,6]],"date-time":"2002-10-06T08:21:52Z","timestamp":1033892512000},"page":"229-241","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Effect of electrical charges and fields on injury and viability of airborne bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Gediminas","family":"Mainelis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafa\u0142 L.","family":"G\u00f3rny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiina","family":"Reponen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhaylo","family":"Trunov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey A.","family":"Grinshpun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Baron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jagjit","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Willeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-146-3-687"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02786828408959017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4157(90)90015-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.12.2803"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(99)76984-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-8502(05)80015-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"329","volume-title":"Electromanipulation of cells","author":"Glaser R","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02694212"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002530050663"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(67)90053-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.60.6.2184-2186.1994","article-title":"Efficacy of selected respiratory protective equipment challenged with Bacillus subtilis subsp. niger","volume":"60","author":"Johnson BD","year":"1994","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.60.3.861-870.1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01950157"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/027868200303722"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/027868299304732"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-8502(01)00039-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MainelisG WillekeK BaronP GrinshpunSA ReponenT.2002.Induction charging and electrostatic classification of micrometer\u2010size particles for investigating the electrobiological properties of airborne microorganisms. Aerosol Sci Technol (in press).","DOI":"10.1080\/027868202753571304"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-8502(73)90006-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Physiology of the bacterial cell: A molecular approach","author":"Neidhardt FC","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"130","volume-title":"Bacterial aerosols in indoor air","author":"Nevalainen A","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology","author":"Palleroni NJ","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408367309151556"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(73)90008-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","first-page":"1104","volume-title":"Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology","author":"Sneath PHA","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.61.4.1232-1239.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.62.7.2264-2272.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-8502(94)90226-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","first-page":"526","volume-title":"Spores VI","author":"Tochikubo K","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","first-page":"919","article-title":"Mechanism of microorganism death in the electric field","volume":"42","author":"Tonoyan SA","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biologicheskii Zhurnal Armenii"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0963-9969(96)00015-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02786829808965536"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a129231","article-title":"Purification and properties of extra\u2010cellular and cell\u2010bound cellulase components of Pseudomonas fluorescens var. cellulosa","volume":"67","author":"Yamane K","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Biochem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0922-338X(92)90345-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Electromanipulation of cells","author":"Zimmermann U","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3886(88)90035-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01871170"}],"container-title":["Biotechnology and Bioengineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbit.10290","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bit.10290","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T20:06:32Z","timestamp":1760040392000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bit.10290"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,21]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bit.10290"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bit.10290","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3592","1097-0290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3592","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0290","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,21]]}}}