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Cell degeneration has been described previously as a gradual loss of cytoplasmic material by endogenous metabolism. The rate at which such loss of cytoplasm (and activity) proceeds can be expressed as a linear function of the specific growth rate. At growth rates above some minimum value (0.0115 h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) cell degeneration can be prevented. This model served as the control basis during open\u2010loop as well as closed\u2010loop computer control of the fermentation. Closed\u2010loop control was achieved through feedback information of biomass concentration using a filtration probe and was required when complex nutrients contributed significantly to the overall biomass production. \u00a9 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.21156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,24]],"date-time":"2006-08-24T18:18:45Z","timestamp":1156443525000},"page":"317-326","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Computer control of the penicillin fermentation using the filtration probe in conjunction with a structured process model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Eirik","family":"Nestaas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel I. 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Ph.D. thesis Department of Nutrition and Food Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA."}],"container-title":["Biotechnology and Bioengineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbit.21156","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bit.21156","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bit.21156","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T21:03:48Z","timestamp":1760043828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bit.21156"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,24]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bit.21156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bit.21156","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3592","1097-0290"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0006-3592"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-0290"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,24]]}}}