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The principle of operation is based on measuring airborne endospore concentrations, where a sharp concentration increase signals an anthrax attack. The ASD features an air sampler, a thermal lysis unit, a syringe pump, a time\u2010gated spectrometer, and endospore detection chemistry comprised of dipicolinic acid (DPA)\u2010triggered terbium ion (Tb<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>) luminescence. Anthrax attacks were simulated using aerosolized <jats:italic>Bacillus atrophaeus<\/jats:italic> spores in fumed silica, and corresponding Tb\u2010DPA intensities were monitored as a function of time and correlated to the number of airborne endospores collected. A concentration dependence of 10<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u201310<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> spores\/mg of fumed silica yielded a dynamic range of 4 orders of magnitude and a limit of detection of 16 spores\/L when 250 L of air were sampled. Simulated attacks were detected in less than 15 min. Biotechnol. 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