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In this study, the effects of vibration, a type of non\u2010physiological mechanical stimulation, on differentiation of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells are reported. A nano\u2010vibration system was designed to produce nanometer\u2010scale vibration. The frequency and amplitude of the nano\u2010vibrations were monitored by a capacitance displacement sensor connected to an oscilloscope. When PC12 cells exposed to nerve growth factor were subjected to vibration at 10\u2009kHz, differentiation and elongation of their neurites were promoted earlier in the culture. Vibration promoted differentiation of PC12 cells. This approach could therefore also be promising for determining of the effects of the physical environment on cell differentiation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:592\u2013599. \u00a9 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.22961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,11]],"date-time":"2010-10-11T15:05:28Z","timestamp":1286809528000},"page":"592-599","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Effects of vibration on differentiation of cultured PC12 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