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However, there is a need to develop methods for generating, sequestering, and trapping such bio\u2010products in an efficient and cost\u2010effective manner that is suitable for industrial scale\u2010up and exploitation. A sealed gaseous\/aqueous two\u2010phase photobioreactor was designed and applied for the photosynthetic generation of volatile isoprene (C<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>H<jats:sub>8<\/jats:sub>) hydrocarbons, which operates on the principle of spontaneous diffusion of CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> from the gaseous headspace into the microalgal or cyanobacterial\u2010containing aqueous phase, followed by photosynthetic CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> assimilation and isoprene production by the transgenic microorganisms. Volatile isoprene hydrocarbons were emitted from the aqueous phase and were sequestered into the gaseous headspace. Periodic replacement (flushing) of the isoprene (C<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>H<jats:sub>8<\/jats:sub>) and oxygen (O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) content of the gaseous headspace with CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> allowed for the simultaneous harvesting of the photoproducts and replenishment of the CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> supply in the gaseous headspace. Reduction in practice of the gaseous\/aqueous two\u2010phase photobioreactor is offered in this work with a fed\u2010batch and a semi\u2010continuous culturing system using <jats:italic>Synechocystis<\/jats:italic> sp. PCC 6803 heterologously expressing the <jats:italic>Pueraria montana<\/jats:italic> (kudzu) isoprene synthase (<jats:italic>IspS<\/jats:italic>) gene. Constitutive isoprene production was observed over 192\u2009h of experimentation, coupled with cyanobacterial biomass accumulation. The diffusion\u2010based process in gaseous\/aqueous two\u2010phase photobioreactors has the potential to be applied to other high\u2010value photosynthetically derived volatile molecules, emanating from a variety of photosynthetic microorganisms. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012;109: 100\u2013109. \u00a9 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.23298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,9]],"date-time":"2011-08-09T14:23:56Z","timestamp":1312899836000},"page":"100-109","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Diffusion\u2010based process for carbon dioxide uptake and isoprene emission in gaseous\/aqueous two\u2010phase photobioreactors by photosynthetic microorganisms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Fiona 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