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Trichloroethene (TCE) could be reductively dechlorinated to ethene with up to 95% efficiency as long as the pH\u2010increase effects of methanogens and homoacetogens were managed and dechlorinators were selected for during start\u2010up by creating H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> limitation. Based on quantitative PCR, the dominant bacterial groups in the biofilm at the end of reactor operation were <jats:italic>Dehalococcoides<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Geobacter<\/jats:italic>, and homoacetogens. Pyrosequencing confirmed the dominance of the dechlorinators and identified <jats:italic>Acetobacterium<\/jats:italic> as the key homoacetogen. Homoacetogens outcompeted methanogens for bicarbonate, based on the effluent concentration of acetate, by suppressing methanogens during batch start\u2010up. This was corroborated by the methanogenesis functional gene <jats:italic>mcrA<\/jats:italic>, which was 1\u20132 orders of magnitude lower than the <jats:italic>FTHFS<\/jats:italic> functional gene for homoacetogens. Imaging of the MBfR fibers using scanning electron microscopy showed a distinct <jats:italic>Dehalococcoides<\/jats:italic>\u2010like morphology in the fiber biofilm. These results support that direct addition of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> can allow for efficient and complete reductive dechlorination, and they shed light into how H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010fed biofilms, when operated to manage methanogenic and homoacetogenic activity, can be used for ex\u2010situ bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes. Biotechnol. 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