{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T13:31:50Z","timestamp":1768311110210,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]],"date-time":"2016-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010EB011516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010EB011516"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biotech &amp;amp; Bioengineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Current cell seeding techniques focus on passively directing cells to a scaffold surface with the addition of dynamic culture to encourage cell permeation. In 3D tissue engineered constructs, cell retention efficiency is dependent on the cell delivery method, and biomaterial properties. Passive cell delivery relies on cell migration to the scaffold surface; biomaterial surface properties and porosity determine cell infiltration capacity. As a result, cell retention efficiencies remain low. The development of an effective two\u2010stage cell seeding technique, coupled with perfusion culture, provides the potential to improve cellularization efficiency, and retention. This study, uses a chitosan bioengineered open ventricle (BEOV) scaffold to produce a two\u2010stage perfusion cultured ventricle (TPCV). TPCV were fabricated by direct injection of 10 million primary rat neonatal cardiac cells, followed by wrapping of the outer scaffold surface with a 3D fibrin gel artificial heart muscle patch; TPCV were perfusion cultured for 3 days. The average biopotential output was 1.731\u2009mV. TPCV cell retention following culture was approximately 5%. Cardiac cells were deposited on the scaffold surface and formed intercellular connections. Histological assessment displayed localized cell clusters, with some dissemination, and validated the observed presence of intercellular and gap\u2010junction interactions. The study demonstrates initial effectiveness of our two\u2010stage cell delivery concept, based on function and biological metrics. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 2275\u20132285. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.25992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]],"date-time":"2016-04-12T17:57:37Z","timestamp":1460483857000},"page":"2275-2285","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Optimizing cell seeding and retention in a three\u2010dimensional bioengineered cardiac ventricle: The two\u2010stage cellularization model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Nikita M.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Houston Houston Texas 77204"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iman K.","family":"Yazdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Houston Houston Texas 77204"},{"name":"Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston Texas 77030"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ennio","family":"Tasciotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston Texas 77030"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ravi K.","family":"Birla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Houston Houston Texas 77204"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1968.214.1.197","article-title":"QRS\u2010T variations in the rat electrocardiogram","volume":"214","author":"Beinfield WH","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"Design and fabrication of heart muscle using scaffold\u2010based tissue engineering","volume":"86","author":"Blan NR","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res A"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1106\/NCQT-JFV9-2EQ1-EBGU"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0290(19990905)64:5<580::AID-BIT8>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/107632702753724950"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.051163"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.10372"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.12318"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.31090"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/tea.2007.0351"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.suppl_3.III-56"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.suppl_2.II-63"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2003.08.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","article-title":"The design and fabrication of a three\u2010dimensional bioengineered open ventricle","author":"Patel NM","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Biomed Res Materials Part B"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000000158"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/1302"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","unstructured":"PflanzerR McMullenW.2016. Physiology Lessons for use with the Biopac Student Lab. Biopac Systems Inc. Online. Available from URL:http:\/\/www.lavc.edu\/kovnatgd\/TEC\/Electrocardiography%20I.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.10594"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00171.2003"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"1614","article-title":"32\u2010channel system to measure the electrophysiological properties of bioengineered cardiac muscle","volume":"62","author":"Salazar BH","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1263\/jbb.103.472"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/term.1895"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2009.0527"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/107632704322791916"}],"container-title":["Biotechnology and Bioengineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbit.25992","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbit.25992","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bit.25992","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T17:12:22Z","timestamp":1759943542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bit.25992"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bit.25992"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bit.25992","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3592","1097-0290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3592","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0290","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]]}}}