{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T23:53:09Z","timestamp":1773791589322,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,18]],"date-time":"2004-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1077062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6591,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biotech &amp; Bioengineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Steam treatment of peat at 200\u00b0C for 3 min, followed by instantaneous decompression (steam explosion), solubilized up to 28% of the dry matter. Seventy\u2010five percent of the solubilized material was carbohydrate, 33% of which was composed of mono\u2010 and disaccharides, including galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, arabinose, and cellobiose, in order of decreasing concentration. The solubilized materials served as the sole source of carbohydrate for growth and solvent production by <jats:italic>Clostridium acetobutylicum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. butylicum<\/jats:italic> which utilized up to 40% of the carbohydrate. Of the saccharides in this mixture, galactose was the least readily utilized. Approximately 30% of the fermentable carbohydrate used was converted to fatty acids and solvents, with the primary fermentation product being butyrate. <jats:italic>Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum<\/jats:italic> was able to utilize ca. 50% of the carbohydrate, and simultaneously produced slightly more than 1 mol ethanol\/mol saccharide metabolized. This organism, like other strains tested, used galactose less readily than the other sugars. The residue from the steam explosion process contained 24% cellulose, but it could not serve as a source of carbohydrate for the growth of either <jats:italic>Bacteroides succinogenes<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Clostridium thermocellum<\/jats:italic>, suggesting that inhibitors were released during the steam treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.260280205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,29]],"date-time":"2004-12-29T22:59:41Z","timestamp":1104361181000},"page":"176-184","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The release of fermentable carbohydrate from peat by steam explosion and its use in the microbial production of solvents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Cecil W.","family":"Forsberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herb E.","family":"Schellhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. N.","family":"Gibbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Maine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eileen","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","unstructured":"P.CahillandJ. L.Gaddy Symposium papers \u201cEnergy from Biomass and Wastes V \u201d Lake Buena Vista FL sponsored by Institute of Gas Technology Chicago 1981 p.741."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4141\/cjss80-031"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","unstructured":"R. S.Farnham Peat resources update \u2013 Potential for development. Proceedings of the peat as an energy alternative symposium. The Institute of Gas Technology 1981 p.26."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","volume-title":"Peat: Industrial Chemistry and Technology","author":"Fuchsman C. H.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","unstructured":"A.Le Duy J. M.Boa andA.Laroche Paper presented at the American Institute of Chemical Engineers Meeting Houston TX March 27\u201331 1983."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01372891"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","unstructured":"E.Kuster J.Rogers andA.McLoughlin Procedings of the 3rd International Peat Congress Quebec Canada 1968 p.23."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-7799(83)90036-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"119","volume":"27","author":"Janshekar H.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Adv. Biochem. Bioeng.\/Biotechnol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0284-111"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","unstructured":"E. A.De Long Canadian Patent Application 389 902 (1983)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"47","volume":"61","author":"Lora J. H.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Tappi"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00139278"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00504485"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.143.1.432-440.1980","volume":"143","author":"Zeikus J. G.","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.89.5.1169-1175.1965","volume":"89","author":"Scott H. W.","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-395630-9.50058-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60111a017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(57)03350-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2697(69)80009-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0610586"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","first-page":"55","volume":"8","author":"Davidson E. A.","year":"1966","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60252a045"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6215(00)82965-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00499955"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-1979-0090.ch013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4141\/cjss80-001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00130841"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.45.1.153-160.1983","volume":"45","author":"Saddler J. N.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00454381"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.48.1.171-177.1984","volume":"48","author":"Lovitt R. W.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.41.6.1337-1343.1981","volume":"41","author":"Ng T. K.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01184944"}],"container-title":["Biotechnology and Bioengineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbit.260280205","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bit.260280205","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T23:27:42Z","timestamp":1760052462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bit.260280205"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1986,2]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bit.260280205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bit.260280205","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3592","1097-0290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3592","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0290","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1986,2]]}}}