{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:54:15Z","timestamp":1790805255563,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,7]],"date-time":"2016-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Colorado School of Mines and University of Colorado Denver"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biotech &amp; Bioengineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Glaucoma is a disease in which damage to the optic nerve leads to progressive, irreversible vision loss. The intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma and its lowering is considered a useful strategy for preventing or slowing down the progression of glaucomatous neuropathy. Elevated intraocular pressure associated with glaucoma is due to increased aqueous humor outflow resistance, primarily through the trabecular meshwork (TM) of the eye. Current in vitro models of the trabecular meshwork are oversimplified and do not capture the organized and complex three\u2010dimensional nature of this tissue that consists primarily of collagen and glycoasaminoglycans. In this work, collagen and collagen\u2010chondroitin sulfate (CS) scaffolds were fabricated via unidirectional freezing and lyophilization to induce the formation of aligned pores. Scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, and a chondroitin sulfate quantification assay. Scaffold characterization confirmed the formation of aligned pores, and also that the CS was leaching out of the scaffolds over time. Primary porcine trabecular meshwork (TM) cells were seeded onto the surface of scaffolds and their gene expression, proliferation, viability, migration into the scaffolds, and morphology were examined. The TM cells were viable and proliferated 2 weeks after seeding. The cells migrated down into the internal scaffold structure and their morphology reflected the topography and alignment of the scaffold structure. This work is a promising step toward the development of a three dimensional in vitro model of the TM that can be used for testing of glaucoma pharmacological agents in future experimentation and to better our understanding of the trabecular meshwork and its complex physiology. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 915\u2013923. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.26206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,24]],"date-time":"2016-10-24T06:13:47Z","timestamp":1477289627000},"page":"915-923","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Collagen and collagen\u2010chondroitin sulfate scaffolds with uniaxially aligned pores for the biomimetic, three dimensional culture of trabecular meshwork cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Osmond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Colorado School of Mines 1613 Illinois Street, 431 Alderson Hall Golden 80401 Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Bernier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Colorado School of Mines 1613 Illinois Street, 431 Alderson Hall Golden 80401 Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina B.","family":"Pantcheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University of Colorado Denver 1675 Aurora Court Aurora 80045 Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa D.","family":"Krebs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Colorado School of Mines 1613 Illinois Street, 431 Alderson Hall Golden 80401 Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","article-title":"Glaucoma Therapeutics 2013: A look at the safety and efficacy of various therapies for the disease, from pharmaceuticals to surgical implants","author":"Abelson MB","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2008.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"1699","article-title":"Current primary open\u2010angle glaucoma treatments and future directions","volume":"6","author":"Beidoe G","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9825"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2012.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2013.0190"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/29.3.6787116"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2014.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.06.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"1415","volume-title":"Concise polymeric materials encyclopedia","author":"Ellis Diane L","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10479"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-8130(05)80002-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/10.2.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"1204","article-title":"Human trabecular meshwork cell survival is dependent on perfusion rate","volume":"37","author":"Johnson DH","year":"1996","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","unstructured":"KimB RobertsCJ MahmoudAM WeberP ZhaoY.2011. 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