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Although present day PLA is composed of mainly L\u2010LA, an L\u2010 and D\u2010 LA copolymer is expected to improve the quality of PLA and expand its use. To increase the number of thermotolerant microbial biocatalysts that produce D\u2010LA, a derivative of <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic> strain 168 that grows at 50\u00b0C was metabolically engineered. Since <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic> lacks a gene encoding D\u2010lactate dehydrogenase (<jats:italic>ldhA<\/jats:italic>), five heterologous <jats:italic>ldhA<\/jats:italic> genes (<jats:italic>B. coagulans ldhA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>gldA101<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>ldhA<\/jats:italic> from three <jats:italic>Lactobacillus delbrueckii<\/jats:italic>) were evaluated. Corresponding D\u2010LDHs were purified and biochemically characterized. Among these, D\u2010LDH from <jats:italic>L. delbrueckii<\/jats:italic> subspecies <jats:italic>bulgaricus<\/jats:italic> supported the highest D\u2010LA titer (about 1M) and productivity (2\u2009g\u2009h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u2009g cells<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) at 37\u00b0C (<jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic> strain DA12). The D\u2010LA titer at 48\u00b0C was about 0.6\u2009M at a yield of 0.99 (g D\u2010LA\u2009g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>glucose consumed). Strain DA12 also fermented glucose at 48\u00b0C in mineral salts medium to lactate at a yield of 0.89\u2009g\u2009g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> glucose and the D\u2010lactate titer was 180\u2009\u00b1\u20094.5\u2009mM. These results demonstrate the potential of <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic> as a platform organism for metabolic engineering for production of chemicals at 48\u00b0C that could minimize process cost.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.26472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,7]],"date-time":"2017-10-07T08:42:37Z","timestamp":1507365757000},"page":"453-463","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Metabolic engineering of <i>Bacillus subtilis<\/i> for production of D\u2010lactic acid"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Deepika","family":"Awasthi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Cell Science University of Florida Gainesville Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Cell Science University of Florida Gainesville Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mun S.","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Cell Science University of Florida Gainesville Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingzhao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Cell Science University of Florida Gainesville Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Chauliac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Cell Science University of Florida Gainesville Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lonnie O.","family":"Ingram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Cell Science University of Florida Gainesville 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