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Despite several scientific advances, determination of radiation delivered to the patient remains a challenge due to the inherent limitations of existing dosimeters including fabrication and operation. Here, we describe a colorimetric nanosensor that exhibits unique changes in color as a function of therapeutically relevant radiation dose (3\u201315\u2009Gy). The nanosensor is formulated using a gold salt and maltose\u2010binding protein as a templating agent, which upon exposure to ionizing radiation is converted to gold nanoparticles. The formation of gold nanoparticles from colorless precursor salts renders a change in color that can be observed visually. The dose\u2010dependent multicolored response was quantified through a simple ultraviolet\u2013visible spectrophotometer and the peak shift associated with the different colored dispersions was used as a quantitative indicator of therapeutically relevant radiation doses. The ease of fabrication, visual color changes upon exposure to ionizing radiation, and quantitative read\u2010out demonstrates the potential of protein\u2010facilitated biomineralization approaches to promote the development of next\u2010generation detectors for ionizing radiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.27163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T07:55:47Z","timestamp":1568102147000},"page":"3160-3167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Protein\u2010facilitated gold nanoparticle formation as indicators of ionizing radiation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Amar","family":"Thaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy Arizona State University  Tempe Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karthik","family":"Pushpavanam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy Arizona State University  Tempe Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Bista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Banner\u2010MD Anderson Cancer Center  Gilbert Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Sapareto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Banner\u2010MD Anderson Cancer Center  Gilbert Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7423-2520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaushal","family":"Rege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy Arizona State University  Tempe Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6859-3429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brent L.","family":"Nannenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy Arizona State University  Tempe Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2007.04.008","article-title":"Selection and analysis of solid\u2010binding peptides","volume":"18","author":"Baneyx F.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Biotechnology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2007.153","article-title":"Engineering protein and peptide building blocks for nanotechnology","volume":"7","author":"Banta S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_6_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1002\/xrs.1070","article-title":"Effective atomic numbers and electron densities of CuGaSe2 semiconductor in the energy range 6\u2013511 keV","volume":"37","author":"\u00c7elik A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"X\u2010Ray Spectrometry"},{"issue":"15","key":"e_1_2_6_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4839","DOI":"10.1021\/la4000846","article-title":"Carbon\u2010binding designer proteins that discriminate between sp(2)\u2010 and sp(3)\u2010hybridized carbon surfaces","volume":"29","author":"Coyle B. 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