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As vitamin A deficiency is an important public health issue, we aimed at increasing carotenoids in apple by constitutively expressing the <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana DXR<\/jats:italic> gene, one of the key regulatory steps in the plastidial isoprenoid pathway. For this purpose, we optimized an <jats:italic>Agrobacterium<\/jats:italic>\u2010mediated transformation method in the commercial Fuji Raku Raku variety. This resulted in a shoot establishment efficiency of 0.75% at 20 weeks after infection. Molecular and microscopical analyses revealed that 80% of the hygromycin resistant shoots contained and expressed <jats:italic>AtDXR:eGFP<\/jats:italic> and that the AtDXR:eGFP fusion protein located in plastids. Transgenic seedlings displayed up to 3\u2010fold increase in total carotenoids and in individual carotenoids compared to the WT, correlating with an increased transcript abundance of endogenous carotenogenic genes such as <jats:italic>MdDXS, MdPSY1, MdPSY2, MdPSY3, MdLCYB1<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>MdLCYB2<\/jats:italic>. In addition, buds of 2\u2010year\u2010old transgenic dormant trees showed an increment up to 3\u2010fold in lutein, and transient transformation of fruits revealed that <jats:italic>AtDXR<\/jats:italic> induced a 2\u2010fold increment in total carotenoids. Thus, these results suggest that <jats:italic>DXR<\/jats:italic> may be a good candidate for increasing carotenoid levels in apple fruits through metabolic engineering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.27358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]],"date-time":"2020-04-20T14:22:26Z","timestamp":1587392546000},"page":"2209-2222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Boosting carotenoid content in <i>Malus domestica<\/i> var. Fuji by expressing <i>AtDXR<\/i> through an <i>Agrobacterium<\/i>\u2010mediated transformation method"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Yessica","family":"Arcos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Chile  \u00d1u\u00f1oa Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisca","family":"Godoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Chile  \u00d1u\u00f1oa Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Flores\u2010Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Chile  \u00d1u\u00f1oa Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Arenas\u2010M","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Chile  \u00d1u\u00f1oa Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2265-0472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Stange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Chile  \u00d1u\u00f1oa Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2005.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ern212"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-39126-7_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ers134"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-015-0573-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-0496"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026414031217"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2004.02198.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.9.15.8529834"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-0348-7836-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313X.1997.11051071.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.003798"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11103-006-9051-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2020.153166"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.1176","article-title":"Engineering the MEP pathway enhanced ajmalicine biosynthesis","volume":"61","author":"Chang K.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-012-1655-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2014.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"81","article-title":"Metabolic engineering of high carotenoid potato tubers containing enhanced levels of \u03b2\u2010carotene and lutein","volume":"56","author":"Ducreux L. 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