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Some minerals are recalcitrant to bioleaching due to the presence of other inhibitory materials in the ore bodies. Additives are intentionally included in processed metals to reduce environmental impacts and microbially influenced corrosion. We have previously reported a new aerobic corrosion mechanism where <jats:italic>A. ferrooxidans<\/jats:italic> cells combined with pyrite and chloride can oxidize low\u2010grade stainless steel (SS304) with a thiosulfate\u2010mediated mechanism. Here we explore process conditions and genetic engineering of the cells that enable corrosion of a higher grade steel (SS316). The addition of elemental sulfur and an increase in the cell loading resulted in a 74% increase in the corrosion of SS316 as compared to the initial sulfur\u2010 and cell\u2010free control experiments containing only pyrite. The overexpression of the endogenous <jats:italic>rus<\/jats:italic> gene, which is involved in the cellular iron oxidation pathway, led to a further 85% increase in the corrosion of the steel in addition to the improvements made by changes to the process conditions. Thus, the modification of the culturing conditions and the use of <jats:italic>rus<\/jats:italic>\u2010overexpressing cells led to a more than threefold increase in the corrosion of SS316 stainless steel, such that 15% of the metal coupons was dissolved in just 2 weeks. This study demonstrates how the engineering of cells and the optimization of their cultivation conditions can be used to discover conditions that lead to the corrosion of a complex metal target.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.27509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]],"date-time":"2020-07-20T13:25:41Z","timestamp":1595251541000},"page":"3475-3485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Enhanced microbial corrosion of stainless steel by <i>Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans<\/i> through the manipulation of substrate oxidation and overexpression of <i>rus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Yuta","family":"Inaba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering Columbia University New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan C.","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering Columbia University New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7885-0150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott","family":"Banta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering Columbia University New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2014.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms140816901"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2017.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.6.2902-2909.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hydromet.2013.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00592"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.02.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibiod.2017.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5006\/1709"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2018.04.014"},{"issue":"2132","key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"2132","article-title":"Multiple osmotic stress responses in Acidihalobacter prosperus result in tolerance to chloride ions","volume":"7","author":"Dopson M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.7.2987-2993.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.7.2743-2747.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes9020116"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8GC03688H"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01381-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01381-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2018.08.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-44306-5_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2014.04.008"},{"issue":"211","key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"211","article-title":"Indirect redox transformations of iron, copper, and chromium catalyzed by extremely acidophilic bacteria","volume":"8","author":"Johnson D. 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