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One of the most critical elements of lung bioengineering is bioreactors. Bioreactors with different applications have been developed in the last decade for lung bioengineering approaches, aiming to produce functional reproducible tissue constructs. Here, the current status and advances made in the development and application of bioreactors for bioengineering lungs are comprehensively reviewed. First, bioreactor design criteria are explained, followed by a discussion on using bioreactors as a culture system for scalable expansion and proliferation of lung cells, such as producing epithelial cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Next, bioreactor systems facilitating and improving decellularization and recellularization of lung tissues are discussed, highlighting the studies that developed bioreactors for producing engineered human\u2010sized lungs. Then, monitoring bioreactors are reviewed, showing their ability to evaluate and optimize the culture conditions for maturing engineered lung tissues, followed by an explanation on the ability of ex vivo lung perfusion systems for reconditioning the lungs before transplantation. After that, lung cancer studies simplified by bioreactors are discussed, showing the potentials of bioreactors in lung disease modeling. Finally, other platforms with the potential of facilitating lung bioengineering are described, including the in vivo bioreactors and lung\u2010on\u2010a\u2010chip models. In the end, concluding remarks and future directions are put forward to accelerate lung bioengineering using bioreactors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.27728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T04:43:12Z","timestamp":1614228192000},"page":"2142-2167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Advances in bioreactors for lung bioengineering: From scalable cell culture to tissue growth monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2799-2973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Hossein","family":"Mahfouzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9540-7326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghassem","family":"Amoabediny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2086-5434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Hamid","family":"Safiabadi Tali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07570-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204269"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151264"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c5ib00063g"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3697"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2011.0594"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nonhuman primate lung decellularization and recellularization using a specialized large\u2010organ bioreactor","author":"Bonvillain R. 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