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Intraocular pressure (IOP), which is considered to be the main risk factor for glaucoma development, builds up in response to the resistance (resistance to what?) provided by the trabecular meshwork (TM) to aqueous humor (AH) outflow. Although the TM and its relationship to AH outflow have remained at the forefront of scientific interest, researchers remain uncertain regarding which mechanisms drive the deterioration of the TM. Current tissue\u2010engineering fabrication techniques have come up with promising approaches to successfully recreate the TM. Nonetheless, more accurate models are needed to understand the factors that make glaucoma arise. In this review, we provide a chronological evaluation of the technological milestones that have taken place in the field of glaucoma research, and we conduct a comprehensive comparison of available TM fabrication technologies. Additionally, we also discuss AH perfusion platforms, since they are essential for the validation of these scaffolds, as well as pressure\u2013outflow relationship studies and the discovery of new IOP\u2010reduction therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.28182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T01:15:37Z","timestamp":1657847737000},"page":"2698-2714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Technological advances in ocular trabecular meshwork in vitro models for glaucoma research"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4072-2695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Bikuna\u2010Izagirre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnun School of Engineering University of Navarra San Sebasti\u00e1n Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Center University of Navarra Pamplona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Aldazabal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnun School of Engineering University of Navarra San Sebasti\u00e1n Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Center University of Navarra Pamplona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leire","family":"Extramiana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de oftalmolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra Pamplona Espa\u00f1a"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Moreno\u2010Monta\u00f1\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de oftalmolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra Pamplona Espa\u00f1a"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Carnero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de oftalmolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra Pamplona Espa\u00f1a"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacobo","family":"Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnun School of Engineering University of Navarra San Sebasti\u00e1n Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Center University of Navarra Pamplona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13188\/2334-2838.1000017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2008.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"464","article-title":"Human trabecular cells. 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