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Autoantibody tests are used to predict risk and, in combination with glucose dysregulation indicative of \u03b2 cell loss, to determine administration of immunotherapies. Our objective was to remotely identify immune changes associated with the disease, and we have employed a subcutaneously implanted microporous poly(e\u2010caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold to function as an immunological niche (IN) in two models of T1D. Biopsy and analysis of the IN enables disease monitoring using transcriptomic changes at a distal site from autoimmune destruction of the pancreas, thereby gaining cellular level information about disease without the need for a biopsy of the native organ. Using this approach, we identified gene signatures that stratify healthy and diseased mice in both an adoptive transfer model and a spontaneous onset model of T1D. The gene signatures identified herein demonstrate the ability of the IN to identify immune activation associated with diabetes across models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.28824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T10:52:50Z","timestamp":1722423170000},"page":"3600-3613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Polymer scaffolds delineate healthy from diseased states at sites distal from the pancreas in two models of type 1 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2642-5977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica L.","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell 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