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To enhance cultivation efficiency in a lab\u2010scale gas fermenter lacking a gas recycling system, an automated gas supply strategy based on real\u2010time  and  monitoring was developed. Fine\u2010tuning gas delivery is essential to ensure an adequate supply for cellular growth while minimizing excess gas, particularly , that leaves the bioreactor unused, to improve process economics. In the absence of ATEX\u2010compliant  sensors, a soft sensor was implemented to estimate dissolved  concentrations from  uptake rates and growth phase identification. Total gas flow was controlled according to the  requirements of the cells. This strategy reduced overall gas and  consumption by 67%. In addition, a high\u2010cell\u2010density medium was formulated by integrating published recipes with Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy and nutrient inhibition testing. The optimized medium increased biomass yield from 15 g\/L to 53 g\/L, with 75% of the dry weight consisting of the bioplastic poly(3\u2010hydroxybutyrate), without requiring nutrient addition or pH control. Together, these strategies improve the scalability, efficiency, and sustainability of \u2010based cultivation of hydrogen\u2010oxidizing bacteria.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.70079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T12:26:04Z","timestamp":1760012764000},"page":"92-103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cost\u2010Efficient Autotrophic High\u2010Cell\u2010Density Cultivation of\n                    <i>Cupriavidus necator<\/i>\n                    Enabled by Model\u2010Based Gas Supply"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Vera","family":"Lambauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB) Graz Styria Austria"},{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering Graz University of Technology Graz Styria Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens","family":"Hagenbuchner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB) Graz Styria Austria"},{"name":"Institute of Automation and Control Graz University of Technology Graz Styria Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0377-9159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Graber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Automation and Control Graz University of Technology Graz Styria Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helmar","family":"Wiltsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry Graz University of Technology Graz Styria Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanja","family":"Suboti\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Thermal Engineering Graz University of Technology Graz Styria Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Hochenauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Thermal Engineering Graz University of Technology Graz Styria Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Reichhartinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Automation and Control Graz University of Technology Graz Styria Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Kratzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB) Graz Styria Austria"},{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering Graz University of Technology Graz Styria Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2023.130139"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.260200203"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doran P. 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