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Artificial blood vessels less than 6\u2009mm frequently fail in vivo due to restenosis and thrombosis, significantly reducing the lifespan of the grafts. It is therefore crucial to develop antithrombotic materials for artificial blood vessels. This study presented a hydrogel with nitric oxide (NO) release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, and antithrombotic properties, designed for eventual application in 3D printing artificial blood vessels. The hydrogel was primarily composed of double bond\u2010modified recombinant collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA), along with caffeic acid arginine amide grafted onto HA, mimicking the protein\/polysaccharide dual\u2010network structure of the extracellular matrix. After modification, this hydrogel exhibited strong light\u2010curing capabilities and shear\u2010thinning qualities which were highly desirable for bioprinting. The hydrogel was capable of dynamically triggering and sustaining the release of NO, thereby effectively eliminating excess ROS at sites of inflammation. NO produced by the hydrogel enhanced the migration and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells while significantly inhibiting the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. In terms of angiogenesis, the hydrogel demonstrated a significant ability to promote neovascularization. Furthermore, experimental results showed that platelet adhesion was virtually undetectable on the material surface, and protein adhesion was inhibited, thus minimizing the risk of thrombosis. Overall, this hydrogel bio\u2010ink shows great potential for the 3D printing of small\u2010diameter vascular scaffolds, offering a novel solution to address the issues of thrombosis and restenosis in artificial blood vessels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.70114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T11:17:52Z","timestamp":1764242272000},"page":"465-485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Constructing Nitric Oxide\u2010Releasing and Reactive Oxygen Species\u2010Scavenging Hydrogels for 3D Printed Artificial Blood Vessels"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering Northwest University Xi\u2032an China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Synthetic Biology, Shaanxi R&amp;D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering Northwest University Xi\u2032an China"},{"name":"Biotech. &amp; Biomed. 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