{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:55:35Z","timestamp":1792176935165,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biotech &amp; Bioengineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are pervasive environmental contaminants due to their frequent and widespread use, multiple paths of release into surface and ground water supply, diversity of the chemical class, and toxicity to aquatic and other non\u2010target species. In particular, the 2\u2010arylpropionic acid (\u201cprofen\u201d) class of NSAIDs poses significant risks to aquatic ecosystems due to incomplete removal during wastewater treatment. Current monitoring precludes high\u2010frequency testing at point sources. Here, we present the engineering and application of a genetically encodable, protein\u2010based biosensor for the detection of the NSAIDs ketoprofen and pranoprofen in wastewater effluent. We repurposed the plant hormone receptor PYR1 to bind selectively to profens using computational protein design, deep mutational scanning, and yeast 2\u2010hybrid and yeast surface display screening. The resulting sensor, PYR1\n                    <jats:sup>NSAID<\/jats:sup>\n                    , has a nanomolar limit of detection for ketoprofen and panoprofen, and \u00b5M sensitivity to the NSAIDs ibuprofen, fenoprofen, tolmetin and diclofenac. We also demonstrated dose\u2010responsive activity of our sensor in simulated wastewater matrices containing the common wastewater contaminants sulfamethoxazole, caffeine, acetaminophen, and 2,4\u2010dichlorophenol using a split Nanoluc luminescence assay. PYR1\n                    <jats:sup>NSAID<\/jats:sup>\n                    is the first step towards a scalable, cost\u2010effective alternative for real\u2010time monitoring of pharmaceutical pollution.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.70220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T10:43:21Z","timestamp":1778064201000},"page":"1916-1928","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Protein Engineering of a Genetically Encodable Biosensor for Wastewater Detection of Profen NSAIDs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Zo\u00eb","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Boulder USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Genome Biology University of California, Riverside Riverside CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California, Riverside Riverside CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian R.","family":"Wheeldon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Genome Biology University of California, Riverside Riverside CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of California, Riverside Riverside CA USA"},{"name":"Center for Industrial Biotechnology University of California, Riverside Riverside CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean R.","family":"Cutler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Genome Biology University of California, Riverside Riverside CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California, Riverside Riverside CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3177-1361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy A.","family":"Whitehead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Boulder USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356\u2010013\u20102438\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2023.117618"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587\u2010022\u201001364\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"Bernhard K. C.Stahl andM.Frey \u201cNSAID Detection in Water Effluent.\u201d BMG Labtech. Accessed December 18 2025.https:\/\/www.bmglabtech.com\/en\/application\u2010notes\/cell\u2010based\u2010assay\u2010detects\u2010residual\u2010non\u2010steroidal\u2010anti\u2010inflammatory\u2010drugs\u2010ineffluent\u2010of\u2010municipal\u2010wastewater\u2010treatment\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2019.1701561"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0697\u2010553"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5004\/dwt.2023.29789"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117928"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216\u2010016\u20100062\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.28564"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2024.168586"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.110665"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201071747\u2010y"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"335","article-title":"Stereoselective Protein Binding of Non\u2010Steroidal Anti\u2010Inflammatory Agents. 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D. K. S.McCarthy Z. T.Baumer I.Wheeldon S. R.Cutler andT. A.Whitehead.2025\u201cDesign of Post\u2010Translational Ligand\u2010Controlled Inverters and Switches.\u201d bioRxiv Preprint.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64898\/2025.12.05.692672.","DOI":"10.64898\/2025.12.05.692672"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2519924122"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.08.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.04.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.2c00297"}],"container-title":["Biotechnology and Bioengineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bit.70220","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/bit.70220","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bit.70220","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:41:11Z","timestamp":1792176071000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bit.70220"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bit.70220"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bit.70220","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3592","1097-0290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3592","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0290","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}