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Distinguished by their exceptional biocompatibility, tunable degradation kinetics and versatile material properties, PHA offer a sustainable, functional alternative to conventional polymers. Furthermore, specific PHA materials exhibit inherent antimicrobial properties, opening new avenues for the developing eco\u2010efficient medical materials. This review systematically outlines the multifaceted antibacterial mechanisms of PHA, including their intrinsic structure\u2010activity relationships, the bioactive roles of their degradation products, and their effectiveness as carriers for engineered antimicrobial agents. Recent advances in PHA\u2010based applications are also critically summarized, with a focus on wound dressings, surgical sutures, orthopaedical implants, and targeted drug delivery systems. The therapeutic performance of these applications in infection control and tissue repair is also highlighted. 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