{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:09:35Z","timestamp":1789574975981,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":184,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biotech &amp; Bioengineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Biomass\u2010derived biofuels are central to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and dependence on fossil fuels, yet large\u2010scale deployment faces technical, economic, and environmental barriers. This review synthesizes advances in feedstock utilization, pretreatment methods, conversion pathways, hybrid systems, and policy frameworks shaping the biofuel landscape. First\u2010generation crops such as corn and sugarcane yield 4000\u20137000\u2009L\/ha ethanol with limited pretreatment but compete with food supplies and consume 500\u20131000\u2009L water per liter of ethanol. Second\u2010generation residues (e.g., corn stover, switchgrass) achieve 280\u2013300\u2009L\/ton ethanol and cut GHG emissions by 70%\u201390% (50\u201370\u2009g CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/MJ vs. 120\u2013150\u2009g CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/MJ for fossil fuels). Third\u2010generation microalgae produce 200\u2013300\u2009L\/ton biocrude, though energy\u2010intensive dewatering (10\u201315 MJ\/kg) restricts feasibility. Pretreatment options\u2014including physical (60%\u201370% sugar yield), chemical (90\u201395%), biological (50%\u201360%), and integrated systems (85%\u201395%)\u2014enhance accessibility but remain costly ($0.05\u201310\/kg). Conversion routes such as pyrolysis (70%\u201375% bio\u2010oil), hydrothermal liquefaction (80%\u201385% efficiency), fermentation (280\u2013300\u2009L\/ton ethanol), and anaerobic digestion (300\u2013400\u2009m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/ton biogas) offer versatile outputs, though bottlenecks like pentose fermentation losses persist. Integrated biorefineries and emerging platforms, including catalytic upgrading (80%\u201390% hydrocarbons) and bioelectrochemical systems (0.1\u20130.3\u2009m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/day H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), improve yields by 30%\u201350% but demand high capital costs ($100\u2013200 million\/plant). Policy interventions\u2014such as renewable fuel standards (e.g., US RFS2) and carbon pricing ($50\u2013100\/ton CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    )\u2014reduce costs by 10%\u201320% and boost production by 15%\u201325%, albeit with compliance challenges. Future priorities include cost\u2010effective pretreatment, scalable biorefineries, durable catalysts, and AI\u2010driven life cycle assessments to enable GHG reductions of 90\u2013100\u2009g CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/MJ, positioning biofuels as a cornerstone of sustainable, low\u2010carbon energy systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.70273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T19:36:23Z","timestamp":1781552183000},"page":"2453-2473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Biomass\u2010Based Biofuels: Technological Innovations, Sustainability Metrics, and Policy Pathways for a Low\u2010Carbon Future"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Sudarsanam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Vemu Institute of Technology P.Kothakota India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veeraraghavan","family":"Sakthimurugan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Saveetha University Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6227-8935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuvarajan","family":"Devarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Saveetha University Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santosh","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology ARKA JAIN University Jamshedpur India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya Kishore","family":"Dash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Siksha \u2018O\u2019 Anusandhan (Deemed to be University) Bhubaneswar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishakha","family":"Khambhati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Parul Institute of Technology Parul University Vadodara India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Aravinda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Presidency University Bengaluru India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Sunil Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology JAIN (Deemed\u2010to\u2010be University) Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4su00368c"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43141-022-00450-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2021.111436"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csite.2024.104238"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/726\/1\/012003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2025.108628"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-15740-0.00129-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104610"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Augusto Ferrari F.(n.d.). Processing Lignocellulosic Feedstock Using Ionic Liquids for Biorefinery Application.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47749\/t\/unicamp.2021.1234438.","DOI":"10.47749\/T\/UNICAMP.2021.1234438"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2024.131482"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","article-title":"Biofuel Taxes, Subsidies, and Mandates: Impacts on Us and Brazilian Markets","author":"Babcock B. A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Research Papers in Economics"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Badu P. M.Debal P.Girods S.Aubert andY.Rogaume(2024). Biomass Gasification in an Autothermal Semi\u2010Industrial Fluidized Bed Gasifier: Syngas Characterization and Energy Balance.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.4907223.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5037813"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132323"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1306\/83D912CC-16C7-11D7-8645000102C1865D"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4ya00292j"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clcb.2023.100040"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2024.115016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2025.107835"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blaber R. M.(2023). Global Demand for Energy and Fossil Fuels in 2045 With Consequent CO2 Emissions.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31235\/osf.io\/j5pe6.","DOI":"10.31235\/osf.io\/j5pe6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scowo.2025.100050"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2024.118912"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2025.115674"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2014.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2025.134672"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2024.115099"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng J. J. andG. R.Timilsina. (2010). Advanced Biofuel Technologies: Status and Barriers (pp.1\u201347).https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/1813-9450-5411.","DOI":"10.1596\/1813-9450-5411"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132253"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4su00440j"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2024.119232"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2025.109728"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-14726-6_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2025.107045"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2022.127083"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2024.107327"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2024.114692"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wmb.2024.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2024.118979"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2024.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/27658511.2026.2633481"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.151942"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esd.2023.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joei.2025.102131"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2022.127691"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2025.115726"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2025.115726"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2022.114571"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micromeso.2023.112761"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.117398"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2023.111074"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2010.07.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2024.106568"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiosc.2024.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2025.134927"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2025.122578"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1830983"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccst.2025.100362"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hussain A. andK.Anastasakis(2024). Technoeconomic Evaluation of Integrating Hydrothermal Liquefaction in Wastewater Treatment Plants.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.4912251.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4912251"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2024.118437"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d5ra01104c"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regsus.2024.100174"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.130099"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_64_1","first-page":"561","article-title":"La Steam Explosion: Application En Tant Que Pr\u00e9traitement De La Mati\u00e8re Lignocellulosique","volume":"14","author":"Jacquet N.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et Environnement"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-16084-4.00018-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/NCLIMATE3410"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nexres.2025.100359"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2025.106779"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15567036.2024.2356709"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.14977"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2024.107119"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johansson T. B.Nakicenovic N.Patwardhan andA.Gomez\u2010EcheverriContributors to the Global Energy Assessment2012Global Energy Assessment (GEA) 1823\u20131832.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/cbo9780511793677.034.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511793677.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2021.106276"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-24748-4.00005-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91187-0.00006-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2025.04.490"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2022.113012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seta.2022.102211"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microb.2025.100235"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2019.04.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/09544089221078150","article-title":"Utilization of Waste Black Limestone Filler in Short Jute Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites: Influence on the Mechanical Behaviour","author":"Kumaran P.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2019.11.288"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2022.112115"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.137501"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2025.122499"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.122576"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2025.107801"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2025.107425"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2024.120194"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.138372"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2025.107590"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.162977"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watbs.2025.100416"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catcom.2024.106883"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cherd.2024.04.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibiod.2025.106013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.124382"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.122680"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/00021482-10338111"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4fb00164h"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2025.101233"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-33014-8.00002-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2025.109909"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eja.2025.127647"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_105_1","first-page":"291","volume-title":"Biomass Utilization","author":"Merklein K.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2024.108158"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2022.123726"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2025.04.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_109_1","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Lignocellulosic Biorefineries: The Path Forward","author":"Moodley P.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2024.120452"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36922\/ijps.5165"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seta.2024.104065"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cscee.2025.101217"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3386\/W22075"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144367"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2024.133458"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63453-5.00006-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.144588"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation11110632"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Obeid F.Nitrogen in HTL Microalgae Biocrude: Production Engine Performance and Emissions.2019.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5204\/thesis.eprints.135304.","DOI":"10.5204\/thesis.eprints.135304"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2021.12.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/GCBB.12685"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-01241-9_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/ABAB:121:1-3:0059"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2023.111550"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotno.2024.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coelec.2024.101492"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2024.131829"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2024.112878"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coelec.2024.101513"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2025.107736"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.125558"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2022.128562"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2025.108978"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.142546"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2024.103779"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8616-3_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2021.106899"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91023-1.00007-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2024.114664"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2025.122715"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2025.121786"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2025.120689"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2023.102815"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2024.103894"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA08036G"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taylor D. K.Chong andM.R\u00f6der. (2024). Designing Biomass Policy: The Political Economy of Renewable Energy for net Zero.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wene.512.","DOI":"10.1002\/wene.512"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teixeira L. L. L. T. B.Murari F. C.Brito S. C. de A.Marques H. S. P.Cardoso andA. S. N.Filho(2024). Scenarios and Opportunities in the Sugar and Ethanol Industry \u2010 Challenges and Opportunities Towards a Low Carbon Economy in Brazil.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7769\/gesec.v15i1.2996.","DOI":"10.7769\/gesec.v15i1.2996"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c22256"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2018.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2025.107821"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seta.2021.101570"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4271\/2024-01-5221"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2026.131298"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csite.2025.107058"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-12-817536-1.00016-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/CEN-V087N017.P010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2022.128227"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2024.115264"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.149420"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4gc01771d"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.150528"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2024.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.139676"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2025.116615"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joei.2025.102012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2024.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en18071794"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2022.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpes.2025.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202409881"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.153941"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2025.137581"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.156151"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2024.113871"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_176_1","first-page":"385","volume-title":"Energy and Economy. In Global Energy Assessment (Gea)","author":"Yeager K.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2025.108521"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2024.123617"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.recm.2025.100115"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-024-06043-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2024.108666"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.123071"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.158706"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2024.119577"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119137"}],"container-title":["Biotechnology and Bioengineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bit.70273","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/bit.70273","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bit.70273","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T14:35:27Z","timestamp":1789482927000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bit.70273"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"references-count":184,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bit.70273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bit.70273","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3592","1097-0290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3592","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0290","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}