{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T10:58:11Z","timestamp":1785495491983,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biotech &amp;amp; Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) has served as the gold standard supplement in mammalian cell cultures for more than six decades due to its cocktail of growth factors, carrier proteins, hormones, and attachment factors that create an ideal proliferative microenvironment. Nevertheless, heightened regulatory pressure, ethical issues associated with the use of bovine fetuses, logistical challenges, batch\u2010to\u2010batch variations, and the risks of contamination by adventitious agents have driven the need to formulate synthetic, animal\u2010origin\u2010free (AOF) substitutes. This review examines the key technologies being explored to engineer FBS substitutes, including chemically defined media, recombinant protein fortification using precision fermentation, hydrolyzed plants, human platelet lysates (HPL), conditioned media derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and genetically engineered microbial cell factories, with special consideration of their feasibility for large\u2010scale vaccine production in Vero, BHK\u201021, HEK293, and MDCK cells. No single technology can presently replace FBS across all applications; however, the convergence of biologics, chemically defined media, and precision fermentation platforms promises to bridge this gap.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.70324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T10:02:33Z","timestamp":1785492153000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synthetic Alternatives to Fetal Bovine Serum: Platforms, Technologies, and Prospects for Industrial Vaccine Production"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9345-1060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay","family":"Gottipamula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Space Research Centre Pvt. Ltd. Malur Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venkataramana","family":"Neelam Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Space Research Centre Pvt. Ltd. Malur Karnataka India"},{"name":"Brains Super Speciality Hospital Bengaluru Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_20_2_1","unstructured":"Acquisition. \u201cSartorius Makes $500m Acquisition of Biopharma Component Manufacturer.\u201d Accessed July 9 2026.https:\/\/manufacturingchemist.com\/sartorius-makes-500m-acquisition-of-biopharma-component-manufacturer-202964."},{"key":"e_1_2_20_3_1","unstructured":"Albumedix. \u201cAlbumedix and Heartseed Announce Recombumin\u00ae as a Critical Excipient in the Manufacture of Heartseed's HS\u2010001 Investigational Cell Therapy as its First in\u2010Human Trial Commences.\u201d Accessed July 3 2026.https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/albumedix-and-heartseed-announce-recombumin-as-a-critical-excipient-in-the-manufacture-of-heartseeds-hs-001-investigational-cell-therapy-as-its-first-in-human-trial-commences-301769974.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_20_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.27486"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_5_1","first-page":"1157","article-title":"Promoting Efficacy of Human Platelet Lysate on Proliferation of Mammalian Cell Lines Used for Vaccine Production","volume":"13","author":"Aly N. 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