{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T07:44:15Z","timestamp":1792050255940,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EFRE\u2010AuF\u20100000797"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EFRE\u2010AuF\u20100000797"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biotech &amp;amp; Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A hybrid filamentous fd virus variant (p9V5\u2010p8Cu5) was generated with improved gold (Au) and copper (Cu) binding properties through genetic engineering by displaying five copies of Au\u2010specific V5 peptides (VSGSSPDS) on the head and over 2500 copies of Cu binding Cu5 peptides (HGFANVA) on the elongated body part. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) topography imaging revealed the typical filamentous morphology of the engineered p9V5\u2010p8Cu5 phages with a dry\u2010state thickness of around 2\u20133\u2009nm. Gold nanoparticle (AuNP) binding of the viruses was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses upon exposure to 20\u2009nm PBS\u2010stabilized AuNPs. The hybrid phages were excessively loaded with AuNPs. Energy Dispersive X\u2010ray (EDX) analyses showed Au, carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) peaks, confirming the presence of AuNPs and the viral organic material. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) analyses, performed using Au\u2010coated quartz crystal sensors, gave a net frequency decrease of 250.20\u2009\u00b1\u200914.37\u2009Hz for the engineered bacteriophages versus 31.40\u2009\u00b1\u20094.47\u2009Hz for wild\u2010type fd at the 3rd overtone showing their improved Au binding. Enzyme\u2010Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) analyses conducted with Cu(II)\u2010coated magnetic agarose\u2010based NTA beads revealed the enhanced Cu(II) binding of the hybrid viruses. A colorimetric Cu(II) detection system was validated using 20\u2009nm PBS\u2010stabilized AuNPs and p9V5\u2010p8Cu5 phages. Following the Cu(II) exposure, the AuNP\u2013virus complex solution was treated with 10x PBS to induce AuNP aggregation. The level of AuNP aggregation was correlated with the applied Cu(II) concentration. For the case study, a linear relationship (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.9926) was obtained as the absorbance ratios at 600\u2009nm and 525\u2009nm (Abs 600\/Abs 525) were plotted against the applied Cu(II) concentration from 0 to 15\u2009\u00b5M, with an estimated limit of detection (LOD) of around 260\u2009nM (0.0165\u2009mg\/L), well below the WHO drinking\u2010water guideline of 1.3\u2009mg\/L. No significant interference was observed from Ag(I), Al(III), Au(III), Cd(II), Co(II), Cr(III), Fe(III), Mn(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Na(I), Ca(II), or Mg(II) at 5\u2009\u00b5M. In mixed samples containing Cu(II) together with each competing ion, the response was likewise unaffected, with the exception of Pb(II), which partially suppressed the Cu(II) signal. This study demonstrates the potential of genetically reprogrammed biomaterials as biorecognition units, offering a biocompatible, easily produced, and cost\u2010effective alternative to synthetic peptides in biosensor development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.70419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T06:44:42Z","timestamp":1792046682000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genetically Engineered Whole Virus Biorecognition Units for Cu(II) Sensing"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5106-1503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuriye","family":"Korkmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AI Convergence Cluster, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Campus E 7.1 Saarbr\u00fccken Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4200-6638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jihoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Chonnam National University Gwangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e41713"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2025.105694"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.2320"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-019-01714-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.21703"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7AN01511A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C3AY42211A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0733-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/met15020140"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2019.112326"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.16.6378"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(02)00260-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.02.122"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201847427"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S175173111700355X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl050795d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001614"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2013.07.063"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1007\/s12668-019-00661-9","article-title":"Genetically 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