{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:57:05Z","timestamp":1792591025406,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004854","name":"St Antonius Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004854","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Many patients who have surgery for acute cholecystitis receive postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, with the intent to reduce infectious complications. There is, however, no evidence that extending antibiotics beyond a single perioperative dose is advantageous. This study aimed to determine the effect of extended antibiotic prophylaxis on infectious complications in patients with mild acute cholecystitis undergoing cholecystectomy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>For this randomized controlled non-inferiority trial, adult patients with mild acute calculous cholecystitis undergoing cholecystectomy at six major teaching hospitals in the Netherlands, between April 2012 and September 2014, were assessed for eligibility. Patients were randomized to either a single preoperative dose of cefazolin (2000 mg), or antibiotic prophylaxis for 3 days after surgery (intravenous cefuroxime 750 mg plus metronidazole 500 mg, three times daily), in addition to the single dose. The primary endpoint was rate of infectious complications within 30 days after operation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the intention-to-treat analysis, three of 77 patients (4 per cent) in the extended antibiotic group and three of 73 (4 per cent) in the standard prophylaxis group developed postoperative infectious complications (absolute difference 0\u00b72 (95 per cent c.i. \u20138\u00b72 to 8\u00b79) per cent). Based on a margin of 5 per cent, non-inferiority of standard prophylaxis compared with extended prophylaxis was not proven. Median length of hospital stay was 3 days in the extended antibiotic group and 1 day in the standard prophylaxis group.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Standard single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis did not lead to an increase in postoperative infectious complications in patients with mild acute cholecystitis undergoing cholecystectomy. Registration number: NTR3089 (www.trialregister.nl).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,25]],"date-time":"2017-01-25T11:47:28Z","timestamp":1485344848000},"page":"e151-e157","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Randomized clinical trial of extended <i>versus<\/i> single-dose perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for acute calculous cholecystitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"C S","family":"Loozen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Kortram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V N N","family":"Kornmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"van Ramshorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Vlaminckx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C A J","family":"Knibbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J C","family":"Kelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S C","family":"Donkervoort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G A P","family":"Nieuwenhuijzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J E H","family":"Ponten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A A W","family":"van Geloven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"van Duijvendijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Gelre Hospital, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W J W","family":"Bos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M G H","family":"Besselink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D J","family":"Gouma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H C","family":"van Santvoort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Boerma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021020617452213200_bjs10406-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2804","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp0800929","article-title":"Clinical practice. Acute calculous cholecystitis","volume":"358","author":"Strasberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021020617452213200_bjs10406-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-015-2747-x","article-title":"Early cholecystectomy is superior to delayed cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: a meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Cao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"2021020617452213200_bjs10406-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.7586","article-title":"Effect of postoperative antibiotic administration on postoperative infection following cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"312","author":"Regimbeau","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2021020617452213200_bjs10406-bib-0004","author":"Nederlandse Vereniging voor Heelkunde","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Dutch Guidelines for Gallstone Disease"},{"key":"2021020617452213200_bjs10406-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-012-0572-0","article-title":"TG13 antimicrobial therapy for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis","volume":"20","author":"Gomi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci"},{"key":"2021020617452213200_bjs10406-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2009.9930","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of complicated intra-abdominal infection in adults and children: guidelines by the Surgical Infection Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"11","author":"Solomkin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"key":"2021020617452213200_bjs10406-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198510000-00009","article-title":"APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system","volume":"13","author":"Knaus","year":"1985","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2021020617452213200_bjs10406-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-006-1159-4","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria and severity assessment of acute cholecystitis: Tokyo guidelines","volume":"14","author":"Hirota","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg"},{"key":"2021020617452213200_bjs10406-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000133083.54934.ae","article-title":"Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey","volume":"240","author":"Dindo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2021020617452213200_bjs10406-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2010.0436","article-title":"The role of prophylactic antibiotics in laparoscopic cholecystectomy in preventing postoperative infection: a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Yan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A"},{"key":"2021020617452213200_bjs10406-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2008.084","article-title":"Role of prophylactic antibiotics in laparoscopic cholecystectomy and risk factors for surgical site infection: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Sharma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"key":"2021020617452213200_bjs10406-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-008-0681-x","article-title":"Role of prophylactic antibiotics in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Choudhary","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"2021020617452213200_bjs10406-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2006.01.050","article-title":"The impact of prophylactic antibiotics on postoperative infection complication in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective randomized study","volume":"191","author":"Chang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"2021020617452213200_bjs10406-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-002-8866-y","article-title":"A prospective randomized study of prophylactic antibiotics in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"17","author":"Koc","year":"2003","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"2021020617452213200_bjs10406-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9369","article-title":"Outcomes of antibiotic prophylaxis in acute cholecystectomy in a population-based gallstone surgery registry","volume":"101","author":"Jaafar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2021020617452213200_bjs10406-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10146","article-title":"Systematic review of antibiotic treatment for acute calculous cholecystitis","volume":"103","author":"van Dijk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2021020617452213200_bjs10406-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-012-1572-6","article-title":"Role of antibiotic therapy in mild acute calculus cholecystitis: a prospective randomized controlled trial","volume":"36","author":"Mazeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"2021020617452213200_bjs10406-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1996.01430160047008","article-title":"Simultaneous bacteriologic assessment of bile from gallbladder and common bile duct in control subjects and patients with gallstones and common duct stones","volume":"131","author":"Csendes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"2021020617452213200_bjs10406-bib-0019","first-page":"132","article-title":"Bacteriological study of choledochal bile in patients with common bile duct stones, with or without acute suppurative cholangitis","volume":"36","author":"Maluenda","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"2021020617452213200_bjs10406-bib-0020","first-page":"221","article-title":"Bacteriology and antimicrobial susceptibility in biliary tract disease: an audit of 10-years' experience","volume":"18","author":"Chang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci"},{"key":"2021020617452213200_bjs10406-bib-0021","first-page":"800","article-title":"Counts of bacteria and pyocites of choledochal bile in controls and in patients with gallstones or common bile duct stones with or without acute cholangitis","volume":"43","author":"Csendes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"2021020617452213200_bjs10406-bib-0022","first-page":"363","article-title":"Bacteriological studies of bile from the gallbladder in patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder, cholelithiasis, common bile duct stones and no gallstones disease","volume":"160","author":"Csendes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Surg"},{"key":"2021020617452213200_bjs10406-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(75)90334-7","article-title":"Bacteriology of the gallbladder bile in normal subjects","volume":"129","author":"Csendes","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"2021020617452213200_bjs10406-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1974.tb93141.x","article-title":"Bacteria in the billary tract. A study of their frequency and type","volume":"1","author":"Kune","year":"1974","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2021020617452213200_bjs10406-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01095.x","article-title":"Epidemiology and prognostic determinants of patients with bacteremic cholecystitis or cholangitis","volume":"102","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2021020617452213200_bjs10406-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-008-0504-8","article-title":"The effect of bactibilia on the course and outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"27","author":"Galili","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021020617452213200_bjs10406-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-011-0463-9","article-title":"Bacteriological analysis of bile in acute cholecystitis according to the Tokyo guidelines","volume":"19","author":"Asai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbjs.10406","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/104\/2\/e151\/36207856\/bjs10406.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/104\/2\/e151\/36207856\/bjs10406.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T14:17:31Z","timestamp":1621520251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article\/104\/2\/e151-e157\/6123016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.10406","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1323","1365-2168"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1323","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2168","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}}}