{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:00:01Z","timestamp":1789563601915,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]],"date-time":"2018-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There are few data on intermittent and continuous intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) during thyroidectomy in children.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All children aged 18 years or younger who had standard thyroid operations using intermittent or continuous IONM between January 1998 and December 2016 were included in the study. The impact of age and type of IONM on basal amplitude, latency and complications after thyroidectomy were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 504 children were included in the study. With continuous IONM, median basal amplitude and latency increased significantly with age, more on the left side (from 199 to 870 \u03bcV, and from 3\u00b788 to 5\u00b775 ms) than on the right (from 340 to 778 \u03bcV, and from 2\u00b763 to 3\u00b750 ms). Compared with intermittent IONM with needle electrode, continuous IONM with tube electrode resulted in an increase in median basal amplitude in children aged 13\u201318 years on both sides (from 675 to 778 \u03bcV on the right and from 450 to 870 \u03bcV on the left), and a decrease in median latency in all children older than 3 years: in children aged 4\u20136 years, from 4\u00b720 to 3\u00b700 ms on the right and from 6\u00b710 to 4\u00b763 ms on the left; in children aged 7\u201312 years, from 4\u00b760 to 3\u00b750 ms and from 6\u00b700 to 5\u00b725 ms respectively; and in children aged 13\u201318 years, from 4\u00b760 to 3\u00b750 ms and from 6\u00b740 to 5\u00b775 ms. Overall, wound infection, but not bleeding\/haematoma or vocal fold palsy, affected younger children more: 3 per cent of children aged 3 years or less; 2 per cent of children aged 4\u20136 years; and 0 per cent of children aged over 6 years (P = 0\u00b7031). With continuous IONM, no wound infection, bleeding\/haematoma or permanent vocal fold palsy was noted in any age group.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Continuous IONM measures nerve electrophysiology more accurately than intermittent IONM during thyroidectomy in children.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]],"date-time":"2018-03-15T10:47:25Z","timestamp":1521110845000},"page":"996-1005","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Twenty-year experience of paediatric thyroid surgery using intraoperative nerve monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"R","family":"Schneider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6796-079X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A","family":"Machens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Sekulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Lorenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Dralle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany"},{"name":"Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021020616454421500_bjs10792-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10276","article-title":"Risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in patients undergoing thyroidectomy with and without intraoperative nerve monitoring","volume":"103","author":"Bergenfelz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2021020616454421500_bjs10792-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21119","article-title":"Electrophysiologic recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring during thyroid and parathyroid surgery: international standards guideline statement","volume":"121","author":"Randolph","year":"2011","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"2021020616454421500_bjs10792-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000132260.34503.02","article-title":"Neuromonitoring in thyroid surgery: prospective evaluation of intraoperative electrophysiological responses for the prediction of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury","volume":"240","author":"Hermann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2021020616454421500_bjs10792-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1308\/003588414X13814021676594","article-title":"Assessment of recurrent laryngeal nerve function during thyroid surgery","volume":"96","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"2021020616454421500_bjs10792-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23187","article-title":"Continuous intraoperative vagus nerve stimulation for identification of imminent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury","volume":"35","author":"Schneider","year":"2013","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"2021020616454421500_bjs10792-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-012-1853-0","article-title":"Evolution of nerve injury with unexpected EMG signal recovery in thyroid surgery using continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring","volume":"37","author":"Schneider","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"2021020616454421500_bjs10792-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24550","article-title":"Continuous vagal IONM prevents RLN paralysis by revealing initial EMG changes of impending neuropraxic injury: a prospective, multicenter study","volume":"124","author":"Phelan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"2021020616454421500_bjs10792-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1144","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24175","article-title":"Dynamics of loss and recovery of the nerve monitoring signal during thyroidectomy predict early postoperative vocal fold function","volume":"38","author":"Schneider","year":"2016","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"2021020616454421500_bjs10792-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9889","article-title":"Postoperative vocal fold palsy in patients undergoing thyroid surgery with continuous or intermittent nerve monitoring","volume":"102","author":"Schneider","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2021020616454421500_bjs10792-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2016.03.007","article-title":"Impact of central node dissection on postoperative morbidity in pediatric patients with suspected or proven thyroid cancer","volume":"160","author":"Machens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2021020616454421500_bjs10792-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-22542-5_9","article-title":"Surgical treatment of medullary thyroid cancer","volume":"204","author":"Machens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Recent Results Cancer Res"},{"key":"2021020616454421500_bjs10792-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2008.520","article-title":"Recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring during thyroidectomy and related cervical procedures in the pediatric population","volume":"135","author":"White","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2021020616454421500_bjs10792-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2013.11.009","article-title":"Thyroid surgery in children and adolescents: a series of 65 cases","volume":"131","author":"Akkari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis"},{"key":"2021020616454421500_bjs10792-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2002.35403","article-title":"First experiences in intraoperative neurostimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery of children and adolescents","volume":"37","author":"Brauckhoff","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"2021020616454421500_bjs10792-bib-0015","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Abbreviated Interdisciplinary Guidelines 2006: Recommendations for Diagnosis and Therapy of Malignant Diseases","author":"Dralle","year":"2006"},{"key":"2021020616454421500_bjs10792-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-009-0581-x","article-title":"Postoperative laryngoscopy in thyroid surgery: proper timing to detect recurrent laryngeal nerve injury","volume":"395","author":"Dionigi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"key":"2021020616454421500_bjs10792-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25807","article-title":"Prospective study of vocal fold function after loss of the neuromonitoring signal in thyroid surgery: the International Neural Monitoring Study Group's POLT Study","volume":"126","author":"Schneider","year":"2016","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"2021020616454421500_bjs10792-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813475568","article-title":"Endolaryngeal hookwire electrodes for intraoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring during pediatric thyroid surgery","volume":"148","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2021020616454421500_bjs10792-bib-0019","first-page":"649","article-title":"Vagal nerve monitoring in surgery of the skull base: a comparison of efficacy of three techniques","volume":"20","author":"Jackson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"2021020616454421500_bjs10792-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1004","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24145","article-title":"Impact of positional changes in neural monitoring endotracheal tube on amplitude and latency of electromyographic response in monitored thyroid surgery: results from the Porcine Experiment","volume":"38","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"2021020616454421500_bjs10792-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2010.09.009","article-title":"Thyroid surgery at Children's Hospital Boston: a 35-year single-institution experience","volume":"46","author":"Scholz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"2021020616454421500_bjs10792-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2000.6935","article-title":"Differentiated thyroid cancer: clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome in patients under 21 years of age who present with distant metastases. A report from the Surgical Discipline Committee of the Children's Cancer Group","volume":"35","author":"La Quaglia","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"2021020616454421500_bjs10792-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2617","article-title":"Pediatric endocrine surgery: a 20-year experience at the Mayo Clinic","volume":"99","author":"Kundel","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2021020616454421500_bjs10792-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.8831","article-title":"Loss of the nerve monitoring signal during bilateral thyroid surgery","volume":"99","author":"Dralle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Surg"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbjs.10792","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/105\/8\/996\/36205815\/bjs10792.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/105\/8\/996\/36205815\/bjs10792.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T14:19:22Z","timestamp":1621520362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article\/105\/8\/996-1005\/6095424"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.10792","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1323","1365-2168"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1323","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2168","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]]}}}