{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T06:39:20Z","timestamp":1777012760907,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,5]],"date-time":"2018-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The number of transmen seeking gender-confirming surgery has risen steadily throughout the last decade. Pathologists are increasingly confronted with transmale mastectomy specimens. It is not clear whether routine histopathological examination is useful. This study explored the possible benefit of routine investigation through detailed description of lesions encountered in mastectomy specimens after female-to-male gender-confirming surgery.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Breast tissue from a cohort of transmen was reviewed. The presence of benign and malignant breast lesions was recorded. The number of terminal duct\u2013lobule units (TDLUs) per ten low-power fields (LPFs) was quantified. Information on hormone therapy and morphometry was retrieved for selected patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The cohort included 344 subjects with a mean age of 25\u00b78 (range 16\u201361) years at the time of surgery; the age at surgery decreased significantly over time. Older individuals presented with a significantly higher number of breast lesions. The number of TDLUs per LPF was lower in heavier breasts, but did not correlate with age. Breast lesions, either benign or malignant, were present in 166 individuals (48\u00b73 per cent). Invasive breast cancer was found in two (0\u00b76 per cent); one tumour was an unexpected finding. The number of breast lesions encountered on histopathological examination increased significantly when more tissue blocks were taken.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The discovery of an unexpected breast cancer in a 31-year-old transman emphasizes the importance of thorough routine histopathological examination of mastectomy specimens. The number of tissue blocks taken should be based on age and breast weight.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,6]],"date-time":"2018-04-06T20:13:00Z","timestamp":1523045580000},"page":"885-892","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Routine histopathological examination after female-to-male gender-confirming mastectomy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"S M J","family":"Van Renterghem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Van Dorpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S J","family":"Monstrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Defreyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Sexology and Gender, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Cancer Research Institute Ghent (GRIG), Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K E Y","family":"Claes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Praet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S L J","family":"Verbeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G G R","family":"T'Sjoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Sexology and Gender, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Cancer Research Institute Ghent (GRIG), Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M R","family":"Van Bockstal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021020616575975700_bjs10794-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1008161","article-title":"Clinical practice. 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