{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T08:19:34Z","timestamp":1766391574911},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1971,6,1]],"date-time":"1971-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":44582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1971,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A series of 40 pig liver transplants surviving for at least 5 days is presented. Twenty orthotopic allografts are compared with 20 autograft controls, and in each group biliary drainage by a cholecystoduodenostomy (gall-bladder to duodenum anastomosis) is compared with a choledochocholedochostomy (direct bile-duct to bile-duct anastomosis).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The pigs with liver allotransplants usually demonstrated low-grade liver rejection, maximal during the second week, which subsequently spontaneously subsided without immunosuppression. However, in 15 per cent of the pigs the rejection process was more intense with death from rejection between the fifth and seventh days. Although prolonged survival was achieved in the remaining allografts, the final outcome was invariably a fatal one, owing either to gastric ulceration with haemorrhage or to infection. The mean survival time in the autograft controls was similar, and even when gastric ulceration was virtually eliminated in this group by a bile-duct to bile-duct anastomosis, death owing to infection usually occurred in the third week.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The autograft controls demonstrated the superiority of a direct bile-duct to bile-duct anastomosis in the pig, and reduced the incidence of biliary stasis and cholangitis as well as gastric ulceration in this group.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Repeated liver biopsies in both groups revealed that biochemical changes suggestive of rejection did not always represent rejection, but merely cholestasis, which could be caused by rejection or by other factors such as a cholestatic biliary anastomosis (cholecystoduodenostomy). This has important implications in human liver transplantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800580603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T10:07:40Z","timestamp":1172830060000},"page":"407-413","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The natural history of liver allo- and autotransplantation in the pig"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"David M","family":"Dent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Liver Research Group, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital , Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosemary","family":"Hickman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Liver Research Group, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital , Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C J","family":"Uys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Liver Research Group, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital , Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Liver Research Group, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital , Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Terblanche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Liver Research Group, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital , Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1971,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092416323870300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(70)90010-7","volume":"10","author":"Belzer","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. surg. 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