{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T22:23:29Z","timestamp":1757543009435},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1982,1,1]],"date-time":"1982-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":378691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Admissions for acute cholecystitis to the Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, during the period 1974\u20131978 have been reviewed and compared with figures previously published for the period 1953\u20131962 (I).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>There was a small overall increase in the annual rate of female admissions for acute cholecystitis between the two periods and this increase can be accounted for by population changes in all age groups above the age of 40 years. However, there was a significant increase in the admission rate of women under the age of 40 which could not be accounted for by changes in population alone. This apparent increase in acute gallbladder disease in young women coincides with the growth between 1960 and 1970 of the number of women taking oral contraceptives, and is further evidence of a causal relationship between the use of the contraceptive pill and the development of gallstones. Women taking oral contraceptive steroids had a higher rate of common bile duct exploration and of sphincteroplasty than did those not taking oral contraceptives.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The annual rate of male admissions almost doubled between the two periods and this increase cannot be accounted for by population changes. There has also been a virtual disappearance of acute cholecystitis in children over the same time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800690109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T21:14:18Z","timestamp":1172870058000},"page":"26-28","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Hospital admissions for acute cholecystitis: Changes in the age and sex distribution in Oxford in the post-war period"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital , Oxford OX3 9DU"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter J","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital , Oxford OX3 9DU"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1982,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092713090431100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800531206","article-title":"Management of acute cholecystitis","volume":"53","author":"Essenhigh","year":"1966","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"2024092713090431100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.3109\/00365527709181736","article-title":"Comparison between the use of oral contraceptives and the incidence of surgically confirmed gallstone disease","volume":"12","author":"Leissner","year":"1977","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2024092713090431100_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(70)80133-7","article-title":"Early versus delayed operation for acute cholecystitis","volume":"120","author":"Van der Linden","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg."},{"key":"2024092713090431100_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800621025","article-title":"Controlled clinical trial comparing early with interval cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis","volume":"62","author":"McArthur","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"2024092713090431100_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1977.03270370059023","article-title":"Decline in duodenal ulcer surgery","volume":"237","author":"Smith","year":"1977","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2024092713090431100_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.8.1.58","article-title":"Incidence of perforated gastric and duodenal ulcer in Oxford","volume":"8","author":"Sanders","year":"1967","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024092713090431100_bib7","first-page":"1399","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and venous thromboembolic disease, surgically confirmed gallbladder disease, and breast tumours","volume":"1","author":"Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Programme","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024092713090431100_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932000010890","article-title":"A long-term follow-up study of women using different methods of contraception\u2014an interim report","volume":"8","author":"Vessey","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Biosoc. Sci."},{"key":"2024092713090431100_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197601222940403","article-title":"Effects of oral contraceptives on the gallbladder bile of normal women","volume":"294","author":"Bennion","year":"1976","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"volume-title":"Oral Contraceptives and Health","year":"1974","author":"Royal College of General Practitioners","key":"2024092713090431100_bib10"},{"key":"2024092713090431100_bib11","first-page":"259","volume-title":"National Halothane Study","author":"Bishop","year":"1969"},{"key":"2024092713090431100_bib12","first-page":"16","article-title":"Acute cholecystitis in children","volume":"140","author":"Pieretti","year":"1975","journal-title":"Surg. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"2024092713090431100_bib13","first-page":"309","article-title":"Acute cholecystitis in childhood","volume":"31","author":"Bonta","year":"1952","journal-title":"Surgery"}],"container-title":["Journal of British Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbjs.1800690109","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/69\/1\/26\/59371691\/bjs1800690109.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/69\/1\/26\/59371691\/bjs1800690109.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T13:09:11Z","timestamp":1727442551000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article\/69\/1\/26\/6185817"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1982,1,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1982,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.1800690109","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1323","1365-2168"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0007-1323"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1365-2168"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1982,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1982,1,1]]}}}