{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T11:11:32Z","timestamp":1793445092769,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1986,6,1]],"date-time":"1986-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":517968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>High sphincter pressures recorded in patients with fissure-in-ano have been attributed to sphincter spasm induced by wide recording assemblies. To investigate this hypothesis, anal sphincter pressure was measured using a series of perfused probes of 0\u00b74\u20132 cm diameter in six men with chronic anal fissure in whom digital examination was easily tolerated. The results were compared with those from 14 normal men. The resting pressure within the anal canal exceeded the normal range in all six patients irrespective of probe size. With the smallest (0\u00b74 cm) probe, the resting pressure was 114 \u00b1 17\u00b71 cmH2O (mean \u00b1 s.d.) in patients with fissure and 73\u00b71 \u00b1 27\u00b70 cmH2O (mean \u00b1 s.d.) in control subjects (P &amp;lt; 0\u00b701) even 10 min after introduction of the device. The minimum residual pressure attained during inflation of a rectal balloon with 100 ml of air was higher in patients with anal fissure than controls, reaching statistical significance with the 1\u00b70 cm probe (80\u00b78 \u00b1 17\u00b77 cmH2O versus 36\u00b79 \u00b1 19\u00b70 cmH2O, P &amp;lt;0\u00b7001). Maximum pressures recorded during a voluntary contraction of the sphincter were no higher than in control subjects. The results suggest that high resting pressures are recorded in patients with chronic anal fissures even when small probes are employed and are unlikely to be due to spasm, but probably represent a true increase in basal sphincter tone. It is proposed that elevated sphincter pressures may cause ischaemia of the anal lining and this may be responsible for the pain of anal fissures and their failure to heal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800730609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T07:25:28Z","timestamp":1172906728000},"page":"443-445","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":183,"title":["Anal hypertonia in fissures: Cause or effect?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"C P","family":"Gibbons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Department of Surgery, Royal Hallamshire Hospital , Sheffield S10 2JF,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N W","family":"Read","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Department of Physiology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital , Sheffield S10 2JF,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1986,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092718182739600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)32882-3","article-title":"Internal anal sphincter derangement with anal fissures","volume":"67","author":"Nothmann","year":"1974","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024092718182739600_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800640204","article-title":"The internal sphincter and anal fissure","volume":"64","author":"Hancock","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092718182739600_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(77)90445-7","article-title":"Anal pressures in haemorrhoids and anal fissure","volume":"134","author":"Arabi","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"2024092718182739600_bib4","first-page":"19","article-title":"Anal sphincteric pressure in fissure in ano","volume":"119","author":"Duthie","year":"1964","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2024092718182739600_bib5","first-page":"445","article-title":"A review of 50 patients with fissure in ano","volume":"113","author":"Graham-Stewart","year":"1961","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2024092718182739600_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)32662-9","article-title":"The riddle of the sphincters","volume":"69","author":"Schuster","year":"1975","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024092718182739600_bib7","first-page":"340","volume-title":"Coloproctology and the Pelvic floor: Pathophysiology and Management","author":"Motson","year":"1985"},{"key":"2024092718182739600_bib8","first-page":"65","volume-title":"Coloproctology and the Pelvic floor: Pathophysiology and Management","author":"Read","year":"1985"},{"key":"2024092718182739600_bib9","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Topical Reviews in Vascular Surgery","author":"Baird","year":"1980"},{"key":"2024092718182739600_bib10","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Vascular Surgery. Butterworths International Medical Reviews. Surgery 4","author":"Samson","year":"1984"},{"key":"2024092718182739600_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800621021","article-title":"The internal sphincter and Lord's procedure for haemorrhoids","volume":"62","author":"Hancock","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092718182739600_bib12","first-page":"150","volume-title":"Surgery of the Anus, Rectum and Colon","author":"Goligher","year":"1984","edition":"5th"}],"container-title":["Journal of British Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbjs.1800730609","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/73\/6\/443\/59381809\/bjs1800730609.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/73\/6\/443\/59381809\/bjs1800730609.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T18:18:35Z","timestamp":1727461115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article\/73\/6\/443\/6182855"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1986,6,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1986,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.1800730609","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1323","1365-2168"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1323","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2168","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1986,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1986,6,1]]}}}