{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T01:33:10Z","timestamp":1779154390866,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1988,3,1]],"date-time":"1988-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":573177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Oncology Division of the BM Group and from the National Cancer Association of South Africa"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The early and late results of bypass surgery in 124 patients with unresectable oesophageal cancer are reported. Patients were grouped according to the extent of disease: group A, tumour localized to the oesophagus where severe pulmonary disease contra-indicated oesophagectomy (n = 9); group B, tumour \u2a7d 10 cm in length with mediastinal invasion (n = 81); group C, tumour &amp;gt; 10 cm in length with mediastinal invasion and\/or fixed malignant lymph nodes (n = 33). Extent of disease was not recorded in one patient. The operative mortality was 4 per cent but 9 other patients died in hospital (hospital mortality, 11 per cent). Mortality was increased in patients undergoing colon bypass and in those with a large tumour load but these differences failed to reach statistical significance. The most frequent complication was neck sepsis, secondary to leakage from the proximal end of the excluded oesophagus. Eighty-nine per cent of the survivors could eat a normal, unrestricted diet on discharge and eighty-two per cent of survivors had complete and lasting relief from dysphagia. Median survival after bypass was 5 months but survival was significantly improved by radiotherapy to the tumour (P &amp;lt; 0\u00b7001). Gastric bypass with radiotherapy is indicated in patients with extra-oesophageal spread of malignancy and in patients with tumours localized to the oesophagus who are unfit for resection. Bypass surgery may be contra-indicated in patients with a primary tumour &amp;gt; 10 cm in length and\/or fixed lymph node metastases because mortality is increased and survival after operation is short.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800750332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T10:52:27Z","timestamp":1172919147000},"page":"283-286","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Bypass surgery for unresectable oesophageal cancer: Early and late results in 124 cases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Aylwyn","family":"Mannell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Baragwanath Hospital and the University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P J","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Biostatistics (Transvaal Branch) of the Medical Research Council of South Africa ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Nissenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Radiation Therapy, The Hillbrow Hospital , Johannesburg,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1988,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092719471920800_bib1","first-page":"2576","article-title":"Treatment of advanced esophageal cancer","volume":"50","author":"Kelsen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2024092719471920800_bib2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Esophageal intubation for carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"4","author":"Proctor","year":"1980","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"2024092719471920800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19851201)56:11<2713::AID-CNCR2820561134>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Esophageal dilatation in malignant dysphagia","volume":"56","author":"Aste","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2024092719471920800_bib4","first-page":"114","article-title":"Current concepts in the treatment of esophageal cancer","volume":"18","author":"Kelsen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092719471920800_bib5","first-page":"15","article-title":"Intubation v. dilatation plus bleomycin in the treatment of advanced oesophageal cancer","volume":"24","author":"Mannell","year":"1986","journal-title":"S Afr J Surg"},{"key":"2024092719471920800_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.1984.tb06701.x","article-title":"The spread of oesophageal cancer: an evaluation of clinical, barium and computed tomography assessments","volume":"54","author":"Mannell","year":"1984","journal-title":"Aust NZ J Surgery"},{"key":"2024092719471920800_bib7","first-page":"626","volume-title":"Current Problems in Surgery","author":"Mannell","year":"1982"},{"key":"2024092719471920800_bib8","first-page":"249","volume-title":"Surgery Annual","author":"Mannell","year":"1985"},{"key":"2024092719471920800_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1159\/000225501","article-title":"Chemotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy in inoperable esophageal cancer: results of three controlled studies","volume":"37","author":"Kolaric","year":"1980","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092719471920800_bib10","first-page":"117","article-title":"Combined treatment of esophageal cancer with radiation and bleomycin. Part VI. Long-term results and 3-year survivors","volume":"11","author":"Nemoto","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gan To Kagaku Ryoho"},{"key":"2024092719471920800_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.1986.tb02322.x","article-title":"Oesophagectomy: the lessons learnt from 128 cases","volume":"56","author":"Mannell","year":"1986","journal-title":"Aust NZ J Surg"},{"key":"2024092719471920800_bib12","first-page":"A131","article-title":"Retrosternal gastric bypass in the treatment of unresectable carcinoma of the esophagus (meeting abstract). Ninety-eighth Congress of the German Society for Surgery. April 1981. Munich, FRG","volume-title":"Deutsche Gezellschaft fir Chirurgie","author":"Rothmund","year":"1981"},{"key":"2024092719471920800_bib13","first-page":"1550","article-title":"Palliative surgical therapy of incurable esophageal cancer by stomach bypass and endotube","volume":"109","author":"Dzieniszewski","year":"1984","journal-title":"Zentralbl Chir"},{"key":"2024092719471920800_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01655008","article-title":"Results of the Kirschner operation","volume":"5","author":"Wong","year":"1981","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"2024092719471920800_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02468642","article-title":"Jejunal esophagoplasty for carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"10","author":"Ong","year":"1980","journal-title":"Jpn J Surg"},{"key":"2024092719471920800_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)37470-7","article-title":"Complications and deaths after operations for esophageal carcinoma","volume":"85","author":"Postlethwait","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2024092719471920800_bib17","first-page":"367","volume-title":"Esophageal Disorders. Pathophysiology and Therapy","author":"European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer-Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer Cooperative Group","year":"1985"},{"key":"2024092719471920800_bib18","article-title":"Resection of Oesophageal Cancer. UICC International Conference on Oesophageal Cancer. September 1985. Cape Town, South Africa","volume-title":"S Afr Med J","author":"Mannell","year":"1987"},{"key":"2024092719471920800_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800691009","article-title":"A study of the quality and duration of survival following resection, endoscopic intubation and surgical intubation in oesophageal carcinoma","volume":"69","author":"Watson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092719471920800_bib20","first-page":"545","article-title":"Palliative treatment of cancers of the esophagus and cardia with Yag Neodynium Lazer (Preliminary non-controlled trial)","volume":"8","author":"Naveau","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"2024092719471920800_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800710612","article-title":"Exclusion of the oesophagus: is this a dangerous manouevre?","volume":"71","author":"Mannell","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092719471920800_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800670722","article-title":"Presternal gastric bypass for unresectable carcinoma of the thoracic oesophagus: a preliminary report","volume":"67","author":"Mannell","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092719471920800_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-196307000-00009","article-title":"Bypass for malignant obstruction of the esophagus","volume":"158","author":"Gordon","year":"1963","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2024092719471920800_bib24","volume-title":"Surgery of the Oesophagus","author":"Mannell","year":"1987"},{"key":"2024092719471920800_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800700916","article-title":"Oesophageal intubation for advanced oesophageal cancer: the Baragwanath experience 1977\u20131981","volume":"70","author":"Diamantes","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092719471920800_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800690623","article-title":"The consequences and effectiveness of intubation in the palliation of dysphagia due to benign and malignant strictures affecting the oesophagus","volume":"69","author":"Pfleiderer","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092719471920800_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197906)43:6<2254::AID-CNCR2820430616>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Carcinoma of the esophagus. Pretreatment assessment, correlation of radiation treatment parameters with survival, and identification and management of radiation treatment failures","volume":"43","author":"Beatty","year":"1979","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2024092719471920800_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)38006-7","article-title":"A retrospective review","volume":"79","author":"Schuchmann","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2024092719471920800_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(84)80058-4","article-title":"Irradiation, chemotherapy and surgery in esophageal cancer: a randomized clinical study. The first Scandinavian trial in esophageal cancer","volume":"2","author":"Anderson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"}],"container-title":["Journal of British Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbjs.1800750332","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/75\/3\/283\/59384163\/bjs1800750332.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/75\/3\/283\/59384163\/bjs1800750332.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T19:48:02Z","timestamp":1727466482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article\/75\/3\/283\/6183824"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,3,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1988,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.1800750332","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1323","1365-2168"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1323","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2168","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1988,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,3,1]]}}}