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Necrotizing fasciitis (rapid spread over 24 h) can be caused by \u03b2-haemolytic streptococci, sometimes with Staphylococcus aureus, or by mixed infections of aerobes and anaerobes, often of gut origin. Animal studies provide good evidence that S. aureus can potentiate the \u03b2-haemolytic streptococcal infection in necrotizing fasciitis. There is also evidence that mixtures of aerobes and anaerobes can act synergistically, but animal models for necrotizing fasciitis have not been developed. Anaerobic cellulitis (variable rate of spread from hours to days) can be caused by mixed aerobes and anaerobes or by mixed clostridia. Animal studies provide good evidence for synergy in the former. Meleney's synergistic postoperative gangrene (slow spread over weeks) may be cutaneous amoebiasis: the animal model of Brewer and Meleney relates to the more rapid infections of anaerobic cellulitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800770309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T13:58:45Z","timestamp":1172930325000},"page":"260-264","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Current hypotheses on synergistic microbial gangrene"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"D","family":"Kingston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Pathogenicity Research Group, Clinical Research Centre , Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D V","family":"Seal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Pathogenicity Research Group, Clinical Research Centre , Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 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