{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T13:17:10Z","timestamp":1765545430416},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,1,1]],"date-time":"1991-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":662688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The plasma urea:creatinine ratio (U:C ratio) is known to be elevated in cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Almost all patients with haematemesis have upper gastrointestinal (or generalized) bleeding so that in this study we characterized the diagnostic power of the U:C ratio in patients with stools containing altered blood without haematemesis in the hope that this simple laboratory test (used in conjunction, perhaps, with clinical data) might reduce the number of patients subjected to an unrewarding gastroscopy or colonoscopy. Of 76 cases seen in a provincial and a metropolitan hospital, 42 and 34 patients had upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding, respectively. Fifty-four per cent of those with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and none of those with lower gastrointestinal bleeding had U:C ratios above 110 on admission. However, a discriminating level of 90 is considered to be more suitable, judged by the quadratic uncertainty score. At this level the odds for upper gastrointestinal bleeding were 15:1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800780122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T14:47:01Z","timestamp":1172933221000},"page":"71-73","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Stools containing altered blood - plasma urea: Creatinine ratio as a simple test for the source of bleeding"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"L H","family":"Olsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, S\u00f8nderborg Hospital ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K H","family":"Andreassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Sundby Hospital ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092808591733800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI101208","article-title":"The pathogenesis of azotemia in hemorrhage from the upper gastro-intestinal tract","volume":"21","author":"Johnson","year":"1941","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2024092808591733800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(75)90382-7","article-title":"Cause of azotemia after gastrointestinal hemorrhage","volume":"130","author":"Moss","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"2024092808591733800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.280.6213.527-a","article-title":"Raised blood urea concentration indicates considerable blood loss in acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage","volume":"i","author":"Pumphrey","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"2024092808591733800_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1939.00190060108007","article-title":"Elevation of urea nitrogen content of the blood following hematemesis or melaena","volume":"64","author":"Schiff","year":"1939","journal-title":"Arch Int Med"},{"key":"2024092808591733800_bib5","first-page":"486","article-title":"Azotemia in upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage","volume":"73","author":"Stellato","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024092808591733800_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91332-2","article-title":"Value of a simple biochemical ratio in distinguishing upper and lower sites of gastrointestinal haemorrhage","volume":"ii","author":"Snook","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024092808591733800_bib7","first-page":"685","article-title":"The BUN\/Creatinine ratio in localizing gastrointestinal bleeding in pediatric patients","volume":"7","author":"Felber","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"2024092808591733800_bib8","volume-title":"Rational Diagnosis and Treatment","author":"Wulff","year":"1981","edition":"2nd"},{"key":"2024092808591733800_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1636443","article-title":"The measurement of performance in probabilistic diagnosis. 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Methods based on continuous functions of the diagnostic probabilities","volume":"17","author":"Hilden","year":"1978","journal-title":"Meth Inform Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of British Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbjs.1800780122","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/78\/1\/71\/59392802\/bjs1800780122.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/78\/1\/71\/59392802\/bjs1800780122.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]],"date-time":"2024-09-28T08:59:30Z","timestamp":1727513970000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article\/78\/1\/71\/6173637"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,1,1]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.1800780122","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1323","1365-2168"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0007-1323"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1365-2168"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1991,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,1,1]]}}}