{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T06:58:43Z","timestamp":1780469923041,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,1,1]],"date-time":"1991-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":662688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Obstetic trauma predisposes to faecal incontinence. Anal canal sensation is impaired in incontinent patients. To assess the effect of childbirth on anal canal sensation anal mucosal electrosensitivity was measured in 122 primiparous patients in the immediate postnatal period and in 74 at 6 months postpartum. There were 35 normal vaginal deliveries, 36 forceps deliveries, 20 ventouse extractions, ten vaginal breech deliveries and 21 caesarean sections. Sensation was impaired in the lower, mid and upper anal canal immediately after delivery in those patients who had a normal vaginal delivery or a forceps delivery when compared with controls or with those delivered by caesarean section. Women who had ventouse deliveries had impaired sensation immediately after delivery in the mid anal canal compared with controls and those undergoing caesarean section. By 6 months there were no differences between any group. Patients who sustained a division of the external anal sphincter at delivery had impaired sensation which persisted in the upper anal canal at 6 months.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800780123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T14:47:01Z","timestamp":1172933221000},"page":"74-77","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Changes in anal canal sensation after childbirth"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"H","family":"Cornes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Department of Obstetrics, Bristol Maternity Hospital and Bristol Royal Infirmary , Bristol,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D C C","family":"Bartolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Department of Surgery, Bristol Maternity Hospital and Bristol Royal Infirmary , Bristol,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G M","family":"Stirrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Department of Obstetrics, Bristol Maternity Hospital and Bristol Royal Infirmary , Bristol,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092809111424800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800761024","article-title":"Anterior sphincter plication and levatorplasty in the treatment of faecal incontinence","volume":"76","author":"Miller","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092809111424800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800750204","article-title":"Prospective study of conservative and operative treatment for faecal incontinence","volume":"75","author":"Miller","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092809111424800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.18004720602","article-title":"Sensory nerve endings and sensation in the anal region of man","volume":"47","author":"Duthie","year":"1960","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092809111424800_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.12.10.844","article-title":"Progress report: anal continence","volume":"12","author":"Duthie","year":"1971","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024092809111424800_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.4.2.179","article-title":"The relation of sensation in the anal canal to the functional anal sphincter: a possible factor in anal continence","volume":"4","author":"Duthie","year":"1963","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024092809111424800_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800750116","article-title":"Anorectal sampling: a comparison of normal and incontinent patients","volume":"75","author":"Miller","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092809111424800_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800730421","article-title":"New method for assessment of anal sensation in various anorectal disorders","volume":"73","author":"Roe","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092809111424800_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.29.1.5","article-title":"Combined sensory and motor deficit in primary neuropathic faecal incontinence","volume":"29","author":"Rogers","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024092809111424800_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800760628","article-title":"Anorectal physiology validated: a repeatability study of the motor and sensory tests of anorectal function","volume":"76","author":"Rogers","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092809111424800_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)90766-9","article-title":"Injury to innervation of pelvic floor sphincter musculature in childbirth","volume":"ii","author":"Snooks","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024092809111424800_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800721311","article-title":"Risk factors in childbirth causing damage to the pelvic floor innervation","volume":"72","author":"Snooks","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092809111424800_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1985.tb03053.x","article-title":"Faecal incontinence due to external anal sphincter division in childbirth is associated with damage to the innervation of the pelvic floor musculature: a double pathology","volume":"92","author":"Snooks","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2024092809111424800_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01646870","article-title":"The composition of anal basal pressure. 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