{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T11:31:37Z","timestamp":1771327897262,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,3,1]],"date-time":"1991-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":667785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Forty-four consecutive patients with incontinence of solid stool of traumatic or idiopathic aetiology were examined by anal endosonography and standard anorectal physiology tests. Anal endosonography showed an external anal sphincter defect in four out of 11 (36 per cent) patients with idiopathic (neurogenic) incontinence. In the remaining seven patients both parts of the sphincter were intact and a linear relationship was found between the resting anal canal pressure and the endosonographic thickness of the internal anal sphincter. Twenty-eight out of 33 (85 per cent) patients with incontinence of traumatic origin had external sphincter defects, confirmed by concentric needle electromyogram mapping in the 19 patients in whom this was performed. Eleven of these 28 (39 per cent) patients also had disruption of the internal spincter. Anal endosonography has revealed significant abnormalities in patients with faecal incontinence and has a complementary role to anorectal physiology in the routine investigation of these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800780315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T15:41:58Z","timestamp":1172936518000},"page":"312-314","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":193,"title":["Anal endosonography in the investigation of faecal incontinence"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"P J","family":"Law","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology , London EC1V 2PS,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M A","family":"Kamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, St. Mark's Hospital , City Road, London EC1V 2PS,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C I","family":"Bartram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology , London EC1V 2PS,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092809465102500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800680804","article-title":"Physiological studies of the anal sphincter musculature in faecal incontinence and rectal prolapse","volume":"68","author":"Neill","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092809465102500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.16.6.482","article-title":"Influence of pudendal block on the function of the anal sphincters","volume":"16","author":"Frenckner","year":"1976","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024092809465102500_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800701108","article-title":"The role of partial denervation of the puborectalis muscle in idiopathic faecal incontinence","volume":"70","author":"Bartolo","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092809465102500_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800730531","article-title":"The role of pelvic floor denervation in the aetiology of idiopathic faecal incontinence","volume":"73","author":"Womack","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092809465102500_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.29.12.1692","article-title":"Ultrastructural changes in the internal anal sphincter in neurogenic faecal incontinence","volume":"12","author":"Swash","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024092809465102500_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90175-8","article-title":"The internal anal sphincter in neurogenic faecal incontinence","volume":"95","author":"Lubowski","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024092809465102500_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800760737","article-title":"Anal endosonography in the evaluation of perianal sepsis and fistula in ano","volume":"76","author":"Law","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092809465102500_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01889235","article-title":"Anal endosonography - technique and normal anatomy","volume":"14","author":"Law","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gastrointest Radiol"},{"key":"2024092809465102500_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1953.sp005024","article-title":"Electromyography of the sphincti ani externus in man","volume":"122","author":"Floyd","year":"1953","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2024092809465102500_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/58.2.256","article-title":"An investigation of the nervous control of defaecation","volume":"58","author":"Denny-Brown","year":"1935","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2024092809465102500_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(51)92242-8","article-title":"Sensibility of the rectum and colon. Its role in the mechanism of anal continence","volume":"i","author":"Goligher","year":"1951","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024092809465102500_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.4.2.179","article-title":"The relation of sensation in the anal canal to the functional anal sphincter; a possible factor in anal continence","volume":"4","author":"Duthie","year":"1963","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024092809465102500_bib13","first-page":"636","article-title":"Does psychological and pain stress affect anorectal motility and external sphincter activity in humans","volume":"76","author":"Kumar","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092809465102500_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800760632","article-title":"External and internal anal sphincter response to rectal distension in normal subjects and in patients with idiopathic faecal incontinence","volume":"76","author":"Bannister","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092809465102500_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02156260","article-title":"A comparison between electromyography and anal endosonography in mapping external anal sphincter defects","volume":"33","author":"Law","year":"1990","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"}],"container-title":["Journal of British Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbjs.1800780315","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/78\/3\/312\/59395179\/bjs1800780315.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/78\/3\/312\/59395179\/bjs1800780315.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]],"date-time":"2024-09-28T09:47:01Z","timestamp":1727516821000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article\/78\/3\/312\/6174727"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,3,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.1800780315","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1323","1365-2168"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1323","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2168","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1991,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,3,1]]}}}