{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T16:56:42Z","timestamp":1773421002969,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,12,1]],"date-time":"1991-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":691545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000357","name":"North West Cancer Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is implicated in the regeneration of epithelial cells at the site of inflammation or ulceration in the gastrointestinal tract. Single parotid EGF concentration and production was studied in 64 patients with Barrett's columnar lined oesophagus (CLO), in 22 patients with severe reflux oesophagitis without columnar metaplasia and in 51 normal controls. In control patients, mean salivary EGF concentration was 2790 pg\/ml (median 1450 pg\/ml; range 450\u201316 500 pg\/ml) and mean single parotid EGF production was 2550 pg\/min (median 1750 pg\/min; range 790\u201318000 pg\/min). Patients with severe reflux oesophagitis had a similar EGF concentration (mean 3112 pg\/ml; median 1500 pg\/ml; range 300\u201316 000 pg\/ml) and production (mean 3100 pg\/min; median 2200 pg\/min; range 790\u201317950 pg\/min) to controls. Patients with CLO had a 62 per cent lower mean EGF concentration (mean 1197 pg\/ml; median 640 pg\/ml; range 233\u20134500 pg\/ml) (P &amp;lt; 0.001, Mann-Whitney U test) and a 60 per cent lower EGF production (mean 1254 pg\/min; median 800 pg\/min; range 170\u20133125 pg\/min) (P &amp;lt; 0.001, Mann-Whitney U test) than patients with severe reflux oesophagitis. A subpopulation with malignant change in CLO (n = 16) had a similar EGF concentration and production to the CLO group as a whole (mean 1240 and 1300 pg\/min, respectively). Low salivary EGF levels are associated with Barrett's CLO but not with severe oesophagitis without columnar metaplasia. EGF levels do not identify those patients who will subsequently develop malignant change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800781218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T15:16:28Z","timestamp":1172934988000},"page":"1461-1466","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Role of salivary epidermal growth factor in the pathogenesis of Barrett's columnar lined oesophagus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"M R","family":"Gray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Liverpool , Liverpool,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R J","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cardiothoracic Centre , Liverpool,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A N","family":"Kingsnorth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Liverpool , Liverpool,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.18003815005","article-title":"Chronic peptic ulcer of the oesophagus and oesophagitis","volume":"38","author":"Barrett","year":"1950","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib2","first-page":"881","article-title":"The lower oesophagus lined by columnar epithelium","volume":"41","author":"Barrett","year":"1957","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.8.2.87","article-title":"The oesophagus lined with gastric mucous membrane","volume":"8","author":"Allison","year":"1953","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib4","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Barrett's Oesophagus: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management","author":"Hamilton","year":"1985"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1983.01390050027005","article-title":"Barrett's oesophagus: functional assessment, proposed pathogenesis and surgical therapy","volume":"118","author":"Iascone","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1968.01340010135015","article-title":"Influence of gastro-esophageal incompetence on regeneration of esophageal mucosa","volume":"97","author":"Hennessy","year":"1968","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib7","first-page":"209","article-title":"Barrett's esophagus: congenital or acquired? An experimental study of esophageal mucosal regeneration in the dog","volume":"68","author":"Bremner","year":"1970","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800750208","article-title":"Experimental columnar metaplasia in the canine oesophagus","volume":"75","author":"Gillen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800740906","article-title":"Barrett's oesophagus: pH profile","volume":"74","author":"Gillon","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.31.9.964","article-title":"Evaluation of the magnitude of gastro-oesophageal reflux in Barrett's oesophagus","volume":"31","author":"Parrilla","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198503000-00005","article-title":"Cytoprotective effect of pentagastrin and epidermal growth factor on stress ulcer formation","volume":"201","author":"Sakamoto","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(76)80403-9","article-title":"Effect of cholecystokinin and 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 on RNA and DNA of gastric and duodenal mucosa","volume":"70","author":"Johnson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(76)80024-8","article-title":"The trophic action of gastrointestinal hormones","volume":"70","author":"Johnson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01945355","article-title":"Peptides and epithelial growth regulation","volume":"43","author":"Goodlad","year":"1987","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19830515)51:10<1787::AID-CNCR2820511004>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"The epidermal growth factor (EGF)","volume":"51","author":"Cohen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)83739-0","article-title":"Isolation of a mouse submaxillary gland protein accelerating incisor eruption and eyelid opening in the newborn animal","volume":"237","author":"Cohen","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Chem Biol"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/257325a0","article-title":"Isolation and structure of urogastrone and its relationship to epidermal growth factor","volume":"257","author":"Gregory","year":"1975","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(65)90005-9","article-title":"The stimulation of epidermal proliferation by a specific protein (EGF)","volume":"12","author":"Cohen","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Dev Biol"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03010589","article-title":"The prevention of healing of experimental peptic ulcer in Mann-Williamson dogs with anterior pituitary-like hormone (Antruitrin-S): a preliminary report","volume":"5","author":"Sandweiss","year":"1938","journal-title":"Am J Dig Dis Nutr"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(88)90231-7","article-title":"The parotid gland is the main source of human salivary epidermal growth factor","volume":"43","author":"Thesleff","year":"1988","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.19.5.408","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localisation of urogastrone to human duodenal and submandibular glands","volume":"19","author":"Heitz","year":"1978","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00982668","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localization of epidermal growth factor in rat and man","volume":"85","author":"Poulsen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Histochemistry"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10959.x","article-title":"Mitogenic activity and epidermal growth factor content in human milk","volume":"74","author":"Jannsson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ada Paediatr Scand"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198508000-00016","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor in mouse milk during early lactation: lack of dependency on submandibular glands","volume":"19","author":"Grueters","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib25","first-page":"G662","article-title":"Enhancement of intestinal growth in neonatal rats by epidermal growth factor","volume":"253","author":"Berseth","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90236-3","article-title":"Biological effects of epidermal growth factor in human fetal jejunum","volume":"94","author":"Menard","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015227","article-title":"Effect of sialoadenectomy and salivary gland extracts on gastrointestinal mucosal growth and gastrin levels in the rat","volume":"351","author":"Skinner","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(83)80007-9","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor inhibits cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcers","volume":"85","author":"Kirkegaard","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198503000-00005","article-title":"Cytoprotective effect of pentagastrin and epidermal growth factor on stress ulcer formation","volume":"201","author":"Sakamoto","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.29.7.894","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the gastroprotective and ulcer healing actions of colloidal bismuth subcitrate (De-Nol) in rats","volume":"29","author":"Konturek","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(81)90593-X","article-title":"Gastric cytoprotection by epidermal growth factor: role of endogenous prostaglandins and DNA synthesis","volume":"81","author":"Konturek","year":"1981","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)91424-8","article-title":"Effect of sialoadenectomy on adaptive cytoprotection in the rat","volume":"97","author":"Tepperman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib33","first-page":"A412","article-title":"The role of salivary epidermal growth factor in the maintenance of gastric mucosa as a barrier to hydrogen ion diffusion","volume":"98","author":"Feng","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.27.12.1443","article-title":"Effect of sialoadenectomy and synthetic human urogastrone on healing of chronic gastric ulcers in rats","volume":"27","author":"Olsen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib35","first-page":"25","article-title":"Comparison of solcoseryl and epidermal growth factors (EGV) in healing of chronic gastroduodenal ulceration and mucosal growth in rats","volume":"35","author":"Konturek","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(86)90867-X","article-title":"Oral administration of synthetic human urogastrone promotes healing of chronic duodenal ulcers in rats","volume":"90","author":"Olsen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528709090965","article-title":"On the role of epidermal growth factor in the defence of the gastroduodenal mucosa","volume":"22","author":"Poulsen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12876204","article-title":"Epidermal and dermal effects of epidermal growth factor during wound repair","volume":"94","author":"Nanney","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.163.5.1319","article-title":"Enhancement of epidermal regeneration by biosynthetic epidermal growth factor","volume":"163","author":"Brown","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)31507-0","article-title":"Studies of esophageal epithelial cell proliferation in patients with reflux esophagitis","volume":"73","author":"Livstone","year":"1977","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib41","first-page":"355","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor receptors in the oesophagus","volume":"161","author":"Jankowski","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)91015-8","article-title":"Composition of the refluxed material determines the degree of reflux esophagitis in the dog","volume":"93","author":"Evander","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800750612","article-title":"Implications of duodenogastric reflux in the pathogenesis of Barrett's oesophagus","volume":"75","author":"Gillen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib44","first-page":"764","article-title":"Alkaline gastroesophageal reflux: implications in the development of complications in Barrett's columnar-lined lower esophagus","volume":"106","author":"Attwood","year":"1989","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199010000-00015","article-title":"Surgical therapy for Barrett's esophagus","volume":"212","author":"DeMeester","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90316-2","article-title":"Gastric and esophageal Campylobacter pylori in patients with Barrett's esophagus","volume":"95","author":"Paull","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(79)90284-1","article-title":"The identification of urogastrone in serum, saliva and gastric juice","volume":"77","author":"Gregory","year":"1979","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib48","first-page":"203","article-title":"Reduced production of salivary epidermal growth factor in rheumatoid patients","volume":"2","author":"Jones","year":"1990","journal-title":"European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib49","first-page":"539","article-title":"Gastric ulcer is accompanied by a decrease of epidermal growth factor in gastric juice and saliva","volume":"27","author":"Hansen","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Chem Clin Biochem"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib50","first-page":"283","article-title":"Parotid salivary epidermal growth factor levels in oesophagitis and peptic ulcer","volume":"6","author":"Kingsnorth","year":"1989","journal-title":"Surg Res Commun"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib51","first-page":"160","article-title":"Salivary immunoreactive human epidermal growth factor (IR-hEGF) in patients with peptic ulcer disease","volume":"34","author":"Ohmura","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.301.6749.422","article-title":"Decreased salivary epidermal growth factor in rheumatoid disease: a possible mechanism for increased susceptibility to gastric ulceration","volume":"301","author":"Kelly","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(90)90032-6","article-title":"The secretory characteristics of epidermal growth factor in human saliva","volume":"35","author":"McGurk","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90270-8","article-title":"Salivary response to esophageal acid in normal subjects and patients with reflux esophagitis","volume":"93","author":"Helm","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-198306000-00011","article-title":"Barrett's oesophagus in sexagenarian identical twins","volume":"5","author":"Gerfand","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/315515a0","article-title":"Human transforming growth factor alpha causes precocious eyelid opening in newborn mice","volume":"315","author":"Smith","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib57","first-page":"A135","article-title":"Immunotherapeutical potential and mechanism of TNF-alpha enhanced EGF receptor expression in pancreatic cancer cells","volume":"46","author":"Schmiegel","year":"1990","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910450124","article-title":"EGF and TGF-alpha, the ligands of hyperproduced EGFR in human esophageal carcinoma cells, act as autocrine growth factors","volume":"45","author":"Yoshida","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/343082a0","article-title":"Induction of a novel epidermal growth factor-secreting cell lineage by mucosal ulceration in human gastrointestinal stem cells","volume":"343","author":"Wright","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)90842-9","article-title":"Effect of urogastrone in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome","volume":"ii","author":"Elder","year":"1975","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib61","first-page":"A1191","article-title":"Smoking and cancer risk in Barrett's columnar lined oesophagus","volume":"31","author":"Gray","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib62","first-page":"137","article-title":"Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in human gastric and colon carcinomas","volume":"48","author":"Yasui","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib63","first-page":"1398","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor receptor status as predictor of early recurrence of and death from breast cancer","volume":"i","author":"Sainsbury","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024092809112677100_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1038\/313745a0","article-title":"Autocrine growth factors and cancer","volume":"313","author":"Sporn","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Journal of British Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbjs.1800781218","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/78\/12\/1461\/59393499\/bjs1800781218.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/78\/12\/1461\/59393499\/bjs1800781218.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]],"date-time":"2024-09-28T09:11:43Z","timestamp":1727514703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article\/78\/12\/1461\/6175195"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,12,1]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.1800781218","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1323","1365-2168"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1323","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2168","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1991,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,12,1]]}}}