{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T01:34:42Z","timestamp":1787621682409,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,12,1]],"date-time":"1992-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":723168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Explosive blast causes a pattern of injury including primary blast lung, secondary fragment injury and traumatic amputation of limbs. Major traumatic amputation is rare in survivors of bomb blast but common in those who die. The mechanism of such injury has not been previously determined, but must be established if protective measures are to be developed for members of the armed forces. The nature of 41 traumatic amputations in 29 servicemen who survived to reach medical care after blast injury was investigated to determine the anatomical level of amputation and the pattern of soft tissue damage. Joints were an infrequent site of amputation and the tibial tuberosity was a particularly frequent site of lower-limb severance. Comparison of the pattern of injury was made with that seen in ejecting fast-jet pilots, who frequently suffer major flailing injury; there appears to be a substantially different injury distribution. The accepted mechanism of traumatic amputation, avulsion by the dynamic overpressure, is challenged: it is suggested that the shockwave resulting from an explosion is capable of causing at least bone disruption in a limb.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800791220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T16:33:47Z","timestamp":1172939627000},"page":"1303-1306","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Traumatic amputation by explosive blast: Pattern of injury in survivors"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"J B","family":"Hull","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Division, Chemical and Biological Defence Establishment , Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092810364539300_bib1","first-page":"30","volume-title":"Trauma - Pathogenesis and Treatment","author":"Maynard","year":"1988"},{"key":"2024092810364539300_bib2","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Recent Advances in Surgery 14","author":"Mellor","year":"1991"},{"key":"2024092810364539300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800650802","article-title":"The injuries of terrorist bombing: a study of 1532 consecutive patients","volume":"65","author":"Hadden","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092810364539300_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198811000-00005","article-title":"Terrorist bombings: lessons learned from Belfast to Beirut","volume":"208","author":"Frykberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2024092810364539300_bib5","first-page":"4","article-title":"Blast injury with particular reference to recent terrorist bombing incidents","volume":"61","author":"Hill","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"2024092810364539300_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/146.10.682","article-title":"Combat casualties in Northern Thailand: emphasis on land mine injuries and levels of amputation","volume":"146","author":"Traverso","year":"1981","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"2024092810364539300_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S159","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198801001-00032","article-title":"Twenty-one-year experience with land mine injuries","volume":"28","author":"Adams","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"2024092810364539300_bib8","first-page":"30","article-title":"A complex clinical X-ray morphological approach to determining the surgical tactic for mine-blast injuries","volume":"1","author":"Minnullin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Voenno-Meditsinskij Zhurnal"},{"key":"2024092810364539300_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(75)90177-1","article-title":"Analysis of fractures treated in the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, in 1972, with special reference to gunshot wounds and bomb blast injuries","volume":"6","author":"Calderwood","year":"1975","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2024092810364539300_bib10","volume-title":"Biodynamic Response to Windblast","author":"Ring","year":"1975"},{"key":"2024092810364539300_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(91)90346-O","article-title":"The role of stress waves in thoracic visceral injury from blast loading: modification of stress transmission by foams and high-density materials","volume":"24","author":"Cooper","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Biomechanics"}],"container-title":["Journal of British Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbjs.1800791220","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/79\/12\/1303\/59397023\/bjs1800791220.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/79\/12\/1303\/59397023\/bjs1800791220.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]],"date-time":"2024-09-28T10:36:56Z","timestamp":1727519816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article\/79\/12\/1303\/6173446"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,12,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.1800791220","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1323","1365-2168"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1323","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2168","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1992,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,12,1]]}}}