{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T12:56:12Z","timestamp":1782305772492,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,1,1]],"date-time":"1994-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":757382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, IRCCS, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"St Mark's Research Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Between 1984 and 1986, 54 patients underwent postanal repair for neurogenic faecal incontinence. Forty-two (41 women) were available for follow-up 5\u20138 (median 6\u00b72) years after operation. Of these, 34 women attended for clinical and anorectal physiological assessment. Anal endosonography was also performed in 30 patients. In the 34 patients examined, continence categories (Browning and Parks' classification) of C (n = 12) and D (n = 22) before surgery became A (n = 2), B (n = 12), C (n = 16) and D (n = 1) at 6 months and A (n = 4), B (n = 5), C (n = 21) and D (n = 4) at 5\u20138 years. Nine patients therefore had continence for solids and liquids, five of whom were incontinent to flatus, in the long term. Assessment of outcome by patients revealed long-term improvement in 28 and no change in six. Two of the 34 patients assessed were housebound because of incontinence. Of the total of 54 patients, only one required a stoma. The length of the anal canal increased significantly from a preoperative median (range) of 2\u00b70 (1\u00b75\u20134\u00b70) cm to 3\u00b78 (1\u00b78\u20135\u00b75) cm 5\u20138 years after surgery. Perineal descent at rest decreased markedly. Progression of neuromuscular damage was demonstrated by prolongation of the pudendal nerve terminal motor latency from a median (range) 2\u00b738 (1\u00b780\u20133\u00b735) ms to 2\u00b780 (2\u00b720\u20134\u00b725) ms and increasing median (range) fibre density in the external sphincter, from 1\u00b786 (1\u00b776\u20132\u00b740) to 3\u00b763 (2\u00b703\u20136\u00b720). The pudendal nerve terminal latency was the only preoperative physiological variable that correlated significantly with long-term outcome (A and B 2\u00b720 ms versus C and D 2\u00b765 ms, P &amp;lt; 0\u00b705). At long-term assessment, maximal anal squeeze pressure was the only physiological variable that correlated significantly with clinical outcome. Anal endosonography revealed a clinically undetected sphincter defect in 19 of 30 patients examined but the presence of a defect did not relate to clinical outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800810151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T19:24:48Z","timestamp":1172949888000},"page":"140-144","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Long-term results of postanal repair for neurogenic faecal incontinence"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"P","family":"Setti Carraro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St Mark's Hospital , City Road, London EC1V 2PS,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M A","family":"Kamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Mark's Hospital , City Road, London EC1V 2PS,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R J","family":"Nicholls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Mark's Hospital , City Road, London EC1V 2PS,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092813201776000_bib1","first-page":"681","article-title":"Anorectal incontinence","volume":"68","author":"Parks","year":"1975","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"2024092813201776000_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.18.8.656","article-title":"Sphincter denervation in ano ectal incontinence and rectal prolapse","volume":"18","author":"Parks","year":"1977","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024092813201776000_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.43.4.343","article-title":"Increased motor unit fibre density in the external anal sphincter muscle in ano-rectal incontinence: a single fibre EMG study","volume":"43","author":"Neill","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024092813201776000_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800710817","article-title":"Slowed conduction in the pudendal nerves in idiopathic (neurogenic) faecal incontinence","volume":"71","author":"Kiff","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092813201776000_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01648831","article-title":"Risk factors in childbirth causing damage to the pelvic floor innervation","volume":"1","author":"Snooks","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"2024092813201776000_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.25.11.1279","article-title":"Evidence of pudendal neuropathy in patients with perineal descent and chronic straining at stool","volume":"25","author":"Kiff","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024092813201776000_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800751115","article-title":"Increase in pudendal nerve terminal motor latency with defaecation straining","volume":"74","author":"Lubowski","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092813201776000_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800700216","article-title":"Postanal repair for idiopathic faecal incontinence: correlation of clinical result and anal canal pressures","volume":"70","author":"Browning","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092813201776000_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800750118","article-title":"Prospective study of the effects of postanal repair in neurogenic faecal incontinence","volume":"75","author":"Womack","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092813201776000_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800750204","article-title":"Prospective study of conservative and operative treatment for faecal incontinence","volume":"75","author":"Miller","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092813201776000_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800751225","article-title":"Physiological changes after postanal repair and parameters predicting outcome","volume":"75","author":"Yoshioka","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092813201776000_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800761023","article-title":"Critical assessment of the quality of continence after postanal repair for faecal incontinence","volume":"76","author":"Yoshioka","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J 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